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Item Capacitação social – comunidades em território de risco; Social empowerment – communities in territories at risk(REDE – Revista Eletrônica do PRODEMA, 2018-04) Santos, Isabel Abreu dos; Vasconcelos, Lia Maldonado Teles de; Pires, IvaVivemos numa sociedade em que os cidadãos enfrentam uma multiplicidade de riscos, de diversas naturezas e níveis de complexidade, e na qual a elevada ocorrência de acidentes afeta a estrutura social das comunidades, a saúde humana e o ambiente natural e edificado. Há uma crescente consciencialização da necessidade de dar resposta a estas situações. O principal desafio da investigação é o de verificar se a prática de exercícios à escala real, envolvendo autoridades, decisores, academia e as pessoas, permite uma melhor preparação para as ações individuais e coletivas de prevenção e atuação face à ocorrência de um desastre. A metodologia aplicada baseou-se na análise de estudos de caso, com observação e participação de quatro exercícios LIVEX, simulacros realizados à escala real, entre 2012 e 2015, numa comunidade portuguesa, localizada em território de risco. Os exercícios referiram-se a um cenário de risco tecnológico (acidente industrial) e três cenários de risco natural (sismo). A análise de resultados do estudo, permitiu testar a participação das populações, a utilização de equipamentos, e as relações institucionais de resposta à emergência (nomeadamente as comunicações). Possibilitou ainda inferir que a forma mais eficiente de aprender é pela experiência, no individual ou no coletivo. As conclusões permitem afirmar que a prática de realização de exercícios LIVEX contribuem para a construção de conhecimento, geração de confiança nas instituições e profissionais, na comunicação de ciência, levando ao empoderando das pessoas para tomarem as decisões mais acertadas em face de situações limite em que a sua vida e dos seus familiares se pode encontrar em perigo. Setúbal, pela prática continuada de modelos de participação ativa em exercícios à escala real, pode vir a constituir uma comunidade de prática, um exemplo tipo a ser replicado por outras comunidades.Item Building sustainable creativity: a conceptual framework(2019) Marques, Pedro CarmonaClimate change, limited energy resources and population growth raise questions about sustainability and decisions for future generations. There is a need to contribute to a more sustainable world. This can be achieved with the use of creativity in, for example, product lifecycle management. Built on the literature about creativity and sustainability, a conceptual framework of sustainable creativity is proposed on the integration of the fields. The proposed framework is an attempt to the creation of sustainable concepts and includes the domains of “decomposition” and “integration” where the problem-, idea-, and concept-space are built on. Feedback loops are analysed and discussed as an important part of any radical/incremental product/service development within lifecycle management activities.Item Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage : a monte carlo simulation method(De Gruyter Open Access, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Assis, R.; Vidal, R.; Santos, J. OliveiraThis article describes how to reach an item's threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be retrieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quantities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this way a simple and effective decision-making framework.Item Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage: a Monte Carlo simulation method(2019) Assis, Rui; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Santos, José Oliveira; Vidal, RaphaelaThis article describes how to reach an item’s threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be re 5 trieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quan tities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled 10 orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this 15 way a simple and effective decision-making. KEYWORDS: Decision-making ; Economical Optimization ; Monte-Carlo Simulation ; Stochastic ProcessItem A descriptive framework of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective(2019) Marques, Pedro CarmonaThis article proposes a new descriptive framework, which we label as the “ideation framework” (IF), of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective, partly based on existing frameworks from both fields and previous work by the author. The framework is for the ideation or front-end phase of the product development process, representing the interface between cognitive psychology and engineering design. Three domains – inspiration, decomposition, and integration – and three spaces – problem-space, idea-space, and concept-space – are the elements of the framework. The iterative flow of the engineering design process passes through the three domains in a semi-controlled way, through a sequence of specialization and generalization process loops in and between the spaces. An empirical descriptive examination of the ideation process is performed using designers with limited design experience. The designers were faced with a design problem that they had to solve in a limited period of time. Their designs were analyzed, and a post-exercise interview was done to uncover each of the participants’ design process. The empirical work indicates these designers worked in a manner largely consistent with the IF.Item Integrating Product-Service Systems with New Business Models Definition for Manufacturing Industries(2019) Marques, Pedro CarmonaNowadays, manufacturing companies are pressured to be competitive and innovative. Particularly this concerns the delivery of value to their customers. The assessment of the overall value chain, designed and implemented for a specific product and/or service, should be sustained by new business models (NBM), thus contributing to higher levels of customer satisfaction. Integrated product-services are assuming importance, allowing manufacturing companies to achieve longer and stable relationships with their customers. This requires, among other, organizational changes and novel methodologies for product-service development. In fact, an effective integration allows product-service innovation, which being exploited, contributes significantly to businesses’ competitiveness and sustainability. In this paper, a “roadmap” for NBM definition and implementation is presented, along with a new methodology for Product-Service Systems (PSS) development. Two case studies are used to test both the roadmap and the PSS methodology. As such, this work is expected to contribute to a clear understanding of NBM and their integration in a methodology for PSS.Item Mycobacterium vaccae adaptation to disinfectants and hand sanitisers, and evaluation of cross-tolerance with antimicrobials(MDPI, 2020) Carvalho, Carla C. C. R. de; Teixeira, Raquel; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de BarrosMycobacterium vaccae is being considered as an adjuvant to antituberculosis therapy, tested for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and as an anti-depressive agent. This bacterium is ubiquitous in the environment and the widespread use of disinfectants and sanitisers may lead to its adaptation to these compounds. In the present study, M. vaccae cells adapted to these compounds mainly by making adjustments in their lipid composition and net surface charge. The modifications in the lipid composition led to changes in membrane permeability which resulted in increased tolerance towards levofloxacin, thioridazine, and omeprazole.Item Production, characterization, and immobilization of protease from the yeast Rhodotorula oryzicola(Wiley, 2020) Oliveira, Juliana Mota de; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Benevides, Raquel Guimarães; Assis, Sandra Aparecida deThe protease was produced extracellularly in submerged fermentation by the yeast Rhodotorula oryzicola using different sources of nitrogen and maximum activity (6.54 × 10−3 U/mg) was obtained in medium containing 2% casein (w/v). Purification of the protease by gel filtration chromatography resulted in a 3.07-fold increase of specific protease activity. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 6.51 and 63.04 °C, respectively. Incubation in the presence of some salts enhanced enzyme activity, which peaked under 0.01 M BaCl2. The enzyme retained about 90% of enzymatic activity at temperatures 50–60 °C. The commercially available enzyme carriers evaluated, silica gel, Celite 545, and chitosan effectively immobilized the protease. The enzyme immobilized in Celite 545 retained 73.53% of the initial activity after 15 reuse cycles. These results are quite promising for large-scale production and immobilization of protease from R. oryzicola, as the high operational stability of the immobilized enzyme lowers production costs in biotechnological applications that require high enzymatic activity and stability under high temperatures.Item Microfluidic bioreactors for enzymatic synthesis in packed-bed reactors—Multi-step reactions and upscaling(Elsevier, 2020) Brás, Eduardo João Silva; Domingues, Cristiana; Chu, Virgínia; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Conde, João PedroEnzymatic synthesis of biochemical commodities is of upmost importance as it represents a greener alternative to traditional chemical synthesis and provides easier downstream processing strategies compared to fermentation-based processes. A microfluidic system used to optimize the enzymatic production of both levodopa (L-DOPA) and dopamine in both single-step and multistep-reaction sequences with yield of approximately 30 % for L-DOPA production and 70 % for dopamine production is presented. The system for L-DOPA production was then up-scaled (780-fold increase) to a milliliter scale system by maintaining similar mass transport properties resulting in the same yield, space-time yield and biocatalyst yield as its microscale counterpart. The results obtained for yield and biocatalyst yield (351.7 mgL-DOPA mg−1Tyr h−1) were similar to what is reported in the literature for similar systems, however the space-time yield (0.806 mgL-DOPA L−1 h−1) was smaller. This work demonstrates a microfluidic bioreactor that can be used for complex optimizations that can be performed rapidly while reducing the consumption of reagents by immobilizing the catalyst on a carrier which can then be used in a packed-bed reactor, thus extending the enzyme life spanItem Improvement of Aglycone Content in Soy Isoflavones Extract by Free and Immobilized β-Glucosidase and Their Effects in Lipid Accumulation(Springer, 2020-06) Angelotti, Joelise; Dias, Fernanda; Sato, Hélia; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Nakajima, Vânia; Macedo, JulianaSoybean is one of the most important commodities in the world, being applied in feed crops and food, pharmaceutical industries in different ways. Soy is rich in isoflavones that in aglycone forms have exhibited significant anti-obesity and anti-lipogenic effects. Obesity is a global problem as several diseases have been related to this worldwide epidemic. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of free and immobilized β-glucosidase, testing Lentikats, and sol–gel as carriers. Moreover, we wanted to examine if the different types of hydrolysis would generate extracts with distinct biological activity concerning lipid accumulation, PPAR-α regulation, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations using in vitro assays. Our results show that all formulations of β-glucosidase could hydrolyze soy isoflavones. Thus, after 24 h of incubation, daidzein content increased 2.6-, 10.8-, and 12.2-fold; and genistein content increased 11.7, 11.4, and 11.4 times with the use of free enzyme, Lentikats®, and sol–gel immobilized enzyme, respectively. Moreover, both methodologies for enzyme immobilization led to promising forms of biocatalysts for application in the production of soy extracts rich in isoflavones aglycones, which are expected to bring about health benefits. A mild lipogenic effect was observed for some concentrations of extracts, as well as a slight inhibition in PPAR-α expression, although no significant differences were noticeable in the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 as compared with the control.Item Impact of artificial intelligence research on politics of the European Union member states : the case study of Portugal(MDPI, 2020-08) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Espírito Santo, Paula do; Melão, NunoCurrently, artificial intelligence (AI) is at the center of academic and public debate. However, its implications on politics remain little understood. To understand the impact of the AI phenomenon on politics of the European Union (EU), we have carried out qualitative multimethod research by performing a systematic literature review and a case study. The first method was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), in order to report the state-of-the-art in the existing literature and explore the most relevant research areas. The second method contained contributions from experts in data science and AI of the Portuguese scientific community. The results showed that solutions such as intelligent decision support systems are improving the political decision-making process and impacting the Portuguese society at local, regional, and national levels. We also found that practitioners and scientists are currently shifting their interests from environmental and biological sciences to healthcare services, which is bringing new challenges in terms of protecting patient/citizen data and growing concerns about handling of critical information. Future research may focus on comparative studies with other EU States to obtain a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the AI phenomenon.Item Upgrading end-of-line residues of the red seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale to polyhydroxyalkanoates using Halomonas boliviensis(Elsevier, 2020-09) Tuna, Stepan; Izaguirre, Jon; Bondar, Marina; Marques, Mafalda; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Fonseca, Maria Manuela Regalo da; Cesário, MariaAgar extraction from Gelidium and Gracilaria red seaweed species produces hundred thousand ton of carbohydrate-rich residues annually. Gelidium sesquipedale waste biomass obtained after agar extraction, still contained 44.2 % w/w total carbohydrates (dry-weight basis). These residues were biologically up-graded to poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) after saccharification of their carbohydrate fraction to simple sugars. A combined hydrolysis treatment using sulfamic acid followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulases produced a glucose-rich hydrolysate with a negligible content of inhibitors. With this treatment a sugar yield of circa 30 % (g glucose/g biomass) was attained. The algal hydrolysates were assessed as carbon source for the production of P3HB by the halotolerant bacteria Halomonas boliviensis. A cell concentration of 8.3 g L−1 containing 41 % (w/w) of polymer and a yield (YP/S) of 0.16 gpolymer/gglucose were attained in shake flask assays. In this work, cellulose-rich seaweed waste was shown to be an upgradable, sustainable source of carbohydrates.Item Multi-enzyme systems in flow chemistry(MDPI, 2021) Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Carvalho, Carla C. C. R. deRecent years have witnessed a growing interest in the use of biocatalysts in flow reactors. This merging combines the high selectivity and mild operation conditions typical of biocatalysis with enhanced mass transfer and resource efficiency associated to flow chemistry. Additionally, it provides a sound environment to emulate Nature by mimicking metabolic pathways in living cells and to produce goods through the systematic organization of enzymes towards efficient cascade reactions. Moreover, by enabling the combination of enzymes from different hosts, this approach paves the way for novel pathways. The present review aims to present recent developments within the scope of flow chemistry involving multi-enzymatic cascade reactions. The types of reactors used are briefly addressed. Immobilization methodologies and strategies for the application of the immobilized biocatalysts are presented and discussed. Key aspects related to the use of whole cells in flow chemistry are presented. The combination of chemocatalysis and biocatalysis is also addressed and relevant aspects are highlighted. Challenges faced in the transition from microscale to industrial scale are presented and discussedItem Inulinase from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: immobilization and application in the production of fructooligosaccharides(Springer, 2021) Ribeiro, Geise Camila de Araújo; Fernandes, Pedro Carlos de Barros; Silva, Dayse Alessandra Almeida; Brandão, Hugo Neves; Assis, Sandra Aparecida deThe crude extract containing inulinase from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was obtained by submerged fermentation. Inulinase was immobilized on chicken eggshell by physical adsorption and covalent crosslinking, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking reagent, and Celite by adsorption. Fructooligosaccharides production was performed using immobilized inulinase (5%, w/v) and inulin substrate solution under experimental conditions evaluated through Doehlert experimental design. The production of inulinase was optimized for concentrations of D-glucose and yeast extract at 12.5 and 0.5 g/L, respectively, resulting in an optimal activity of 0.62 U. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 8.0 and 75 °C, respectively, leading to an optimal activity of 3.54 U. The highest immobilization efficiency (46.27%) was obtained upon immobilization on Celite. Immobilization by adsorption to eggshell allowed for specific activity of 4.15 U/g, and adsorption to Celite resulted in specific activity of 3.70 U/g. The highest titer in fructooligosaccharides was obtained with an initial inulin concentration of 250 g/L (25%, w/v), and a reaction time of 16 h. Hence, immobilized inulinase proved to be a promising catalyst for fructooligosaccharides production since the formulation is performed through a simple, low-cost, and large-scale applicable methodology.Item Lipschitz and Wadge binary games in second order arithmetic(2021) Cordón-Franco, Andrés; Lara-Martín, F. Félix; Loureiro, Manuel José SimõesWe present a detailed formalization of Lipschitz and Wadge games in the context of second order arithmetic and we investigate the logical strength of Lipschitz and Wadge determinacy, and the tightly related Semi-Linear Ordering principle, for the first levels of the Hausdorff difference hierarchy in the Cantor space. As a result, we obtain characterizations of WKL0 and ACA0 in terms of these determinacy principles.Item Politics, power, and influence : defense industries in the Post-Cold War(MDPI, 2021-01) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dosThe post-Cold War era is placing the defense industry at a crossroads. If, on the one hand, it is under great pressure to guarantee warlike efforts around the world, with tight budgets and uncertain lead-times, on the other hand, it is seen as a central instrument for national sovereignty and foreign policy. The purpose of this research is to report the state-of-the-art of the existing literature and explore the most relevant research areas in order to provide the conceptual basis for further empirical research. To do so, this study uses a preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA), which is an adequate technique as it allows one to discover concepts, ideas, and debates about the defense industry. The results evidenced three different approaches to the defense industry—integration, autarky, and domination. In that regard, we present several case studies in which the defense industry is used as an instrument of foreign policy or national sovereignty. Future studies may focus on empirical research to validate the theoretical findings or to identify variables that lead some defense industries to seek synergies, resorting to mergers and acquisitions, while other defense companies prefer to obtain State funds.Item A model for fostering creativity in the product development process(Taylor and Francis, 2021-02) Marques, Pedro CarmonaThe present paper illustrates a pilot experiment in which a new model for fostering creativity in the product development process is tested with novice engineers. After introducing creativity in the field of product development, the current author presents the new standard. The theoretical background that embodies the new model is presented, based on relevant literature. Making use of the new model, a methodology for testing it, using novice engineers is then proposed. It relies on the comparison between novices that were trained in the model in comparison to other novices that were not trained in the model. Higher results for creativity achieved by novice engineers that have employed the model show the advantages of its application during product development activitiesItem Where are smart cities heading? A meta-review and guidelines for future research(MDPI, 2022) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Marques, Pedro Alexandre; Marques, Pedro Carmona(1) Background: Smart cities have been gaining attention in the community, both among researchers and professionals. Although this field of study is gaining some maturity, no academic manuscript yet offers a unique holistic view of the phenomenon. In fact, the existing systematic reviews make it possible to gather solid and relevant knowledge, but still dispersed; (2) Method: through a meta-review it was possible to provide a set of data, which allows the dissemination of the main theoretical and managerial contributions to enthusiasts and critics of the area; (3) Results: this research identified the most relevant topics for smart cities, namely, smart city dimensions, digital transformation, sustainability and resilience. In addition, this research emphasizes that the natural sciences have dominated scientific production, with greater attention being paid to megacities of developed nations. Recent empirical research also suggests that it is crucial to overcome key cybersecurity and privacy challenges in smart cities; (4) Conclusions: research on smart cities can be performed as multidisciplinary studies of small and medium-sized cities in developed or underdeveloped countries. Furthermore, future research should highlight the role played by cybersecurity in the development of smart cities and analyze the impact of smart city development on the link between the city and its stakeholders.Item Defence industries and open innovation: ways to increase military capabilities of the Portuguese ground forces(Routledge Tailor & Francis, 2022) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Melão, Nuno; Costa, Joana; Pernica, BohuslavThe European Defence Industry is undergoing profound changes. Industrial activity is now operating on a quintuple helix innovation model with the deep involvement of universities and governments in innovation. In addition, military innovations are being transferred to civil society, with increasing attention paid to the environment. In the first stage, we report on the state-of-the-art of existing research using PRISMA protocol. The PRISMA technique is widely accepted by the academic community for its ability to discover concepts, ideas, and debates about the defence industry. In the second stage, we present a case study involving the Portuguese Defence Industry, for which multiple data collection sources were used to ensure triangulation and corroboration. The results show that, in the light of the quintuple helix innovation model, it was possible to bring applications from theoretical discussion to real life. Moreover, within the scope of the triple helix, it was possible to develop, produce and test military products, allowing to improve the military capacity of ground forces. In the future, ecological concerns will likely increase, so we suggest a greater focus on this area of research. KEYWORDS : Defence industry; open innovation; ground military forces; quintuple helixItem Retail system scenario modeling using fuzzy cognitive maps(MDPI, 2022) Petukhova, Alina; Fachada, NunoA retail business is a network of similar-format grocery stores with a sole proprietor and a well-established logistical infrastructure. The retail business is a stable market, with low growth, limited customer revenues, and intense competition. On the system level, the retail industry is a dynamic system that is challenging to represent due to uncertainty, nonlinearity, and imprecision. Due to the heterogeneous character of retail systems, direct scenario modeling is arduous. In this article, we propose a framework for retail system scenario planning that allows managers to analyze the effect of different quantitative and qualitative factors using fuzzy cognitive maps. Previously published fuzzy retail models were extended by adding external factors and combining expert knowledge with domain research results. We determined the most suitable composition of fuzzy operators for the retail system, highlighted the system’s most influential concepts, and how the system responds to changes in external factors. The proposed framework aims to support senior management in conducting flexible long-term planning of a company’s strategic development, and reach its desired business goals. Keywords: retail; complex systems; fuzzy cognitive maps; scenario planning