Refining the link between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy: A meta-analytical approach across different conceptual frameworks
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2022
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The current meta-analysis includes 477 records (N = 142,692) and comprehensively explores the
complex interplay between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy. First, empathy
domains (cognitive and affective) were used to dissociate antisocial behavior from psychopathy.
Cognitive empathy was more impaired in antisocial groups (gcognitive = -0.43; gaffective = -0.11),
while samples scoring higher in psychopathy displayed larger deficits in affective empathy
(gaffective = -0.40; gcognitive = -0.22). Secondly, the specific associations between empathy domains
and psychopathy dimensions were evaluated. Most effect sizes pertaining to psychopathy traits
closely related to antisocial behavior were mild for both empathy domains (r = -0.03 to -0.21).
Callous-affective traits were largely correlated with affective empathy (r = -0.34 to -0.46) and
moderately correlated to cognitive empathy (r = -0.26 to -0.27). Diverging results were found
for the interpersonal dimension, as boldness-adaptive manifestations were unrelated to cognitive
empathy (r = 0.03), while non-adaptive interpersonal traits were negatively associated with both
empathy domains (rcognitive = -0.16; raffective = -0.25). Overall, these findings suggest that: (1)
psychopathy and antisocial behavior display distinct empathic profiles; (2) psychopathy
dimensions are differentially associated with cognitive and affective empathy; (3) the interaction
between interpersonal traits and empathy domains is different across the conceptual models of
psychopathy. Keywords: psychopathy; personality; antisocial; empathy; theory of mind; social cognition
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Clinical Psychology Review
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PSICOLOGIA, PSICOPATIAS, COMPORTAMENTO ANTISSOCIAL, PERSONALIDADE, EMPATIA, TEORIA DA MENTE, COGNIÇÃO SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOPATHIES, ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, PERSONALITY, EMPATHY, THEORY OF THE MIND, SOCIAL COGNITION