Experiências na infância e psicopatia : que relação?
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2022
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As experiências adversas na infância têm vindo a ser empregues na investigação direcionadas
para a compreensão do seu impacto na saúde pública, o que possibilitou o seu reconhecimento
como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de inúmeras patologias. Paralelamente, têm surgido
linhas de investigação que compreendem as experiências positivas na infância como fatores
protetores da adversidade. Os fatores ambientais aparentam desempenhar um papel causal
significativo na génese da psicopatia, pelo que se nota urgente a avaliação precisa e consistente
destas experiências, a fim de otimizar a avaliação e intervenção desta psicopatologia. Por forma
a avaliar estes construtos, foi administrado um questionário on-line abrangendo o Adverse
Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE), a Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale
(BCE) e o Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – Short Form (SRP-SF). Os resultados apontam uma
relação dose-resposta entre estas experiências e a subsistência de perturbação mental.
Adicionalmente, evidenciam-se correlações significativas entre estas experiências e as facetas,
bem como diferenças significativas entre grupos ao nível da psicopatia. O abuso revelou-se
como a variável preditora mais significatica. As experiências positivas aparentam moderar a
relação entre a adversidade e a psicopatia. Conclui-se pela necessidade de prevenção da
adversidade na infância e promoção de experiências positivas no curso da vida.
Adverse childhood experiences have been used in research aimed at understanding their impact on public health, which has enabled their recognition as a risk factor for the development of numerous pathologies. In parallel, lines of research have emerged that understand positive childhood experiences as protective factors against adversity. Environmental factors appear to play a significant causal role in the genesis of psychopathy, and thus an accurate and consistent assessment of these experiences is urgently needed in order to optimize the assessment and intervention of this psychopathology. In order to assess these constructs, an online questionnaire was administered covering the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE), the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCE) and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale - Short Form (SRP-SF). Results point to a dose-response relationship between these experiences and the subsistence of mental disorder. Additionally, significant correlations were found between these experiences and the facets, as well as significant differences between groups in terms of psychopathy. Abuse proved to be the most significant predictor variable. Positive experiences seem to moderate the relationship between adversity and psychopathy. We conclude that there is a need to prevent adversity in childhood, in order to mitigate its repercussions.
Adverse childhood experiences have been used in research aimed at understanding their impact on public health, which has enabled their recognition as a risk factor for the development of numerous pathologies. In parallel, lines of research have emerged that understand positive childhood experiences as protective factors against adversity. Environmental factors appear to play a significant causal role in the genesis of psychopathy, and thus an accurate and consistent assessment of these experiences is urgently needed in order to optimize the assessment and intervention of this psychopathology. In order to assess these constructs, an online questionnaire was administered covering the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE), the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCE) and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale - Short Form (SRP-SF). Results point to a dose-response relationship between these experiences and the subsistence of mental disorder. Additionally, significant correlations were found between these experiences and the facets, as well as significant differences between groups in terms of psychopathy. Abuse proved to be the most significant predictor variable. Positive experiences seem to moderate the relationship between adversity and psychopathy. We conclude that there is a need to prevent adversity in childhood, in order to mitigate its repercussions.
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Orientação: Ana Rita Cruz
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, INFÂNCIA, PSICOPATIAS, FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY, CHILDHOOD, PSYCHOPATHIES