Le bucher dans le martyre protestant : tradition et invention d’après les martyrologes français et anglais du XVIe siècle
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Data
2009
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Nos reinos de França e de Inglaterra, um número muito significativo de Protestantes, cerca de um milhar, foram condenados à Pilha no século XVI. Estas execuções foram apresentadas como um novo martírio cristão. Este artigo analisa a maneira como a Reforma promoveu esta devoção extrema a partir da representação iconográfica da Pilha.
In France and England, about a thousand Evangelicals were sentenced to be burnt at the stake in the 16th century. These executions were presented as a new Christian martyrdom. This article investigates the ways in which the Reformation has envisaged this extreme form of religious devotion by taking the representations of the stake as an example. Although they rejected the miracles in ancient hagiography, protestant authors nevertheless managed to preserve the analogy of stake and Passion by insisting upon the prophetic speech, through the metaphor of fire. Also, it turns out that the stake is a pretext for the condemnation of the cult of the relics, but also a defence of the “second eschatology” against the Anabaptist conception of dormition, while waiting for the Last Judgement. Evangelical Churches thereby transformed this torture from one of the most defamatory ones into an instrument of divine election and a kind of propaganda that seemed to have been so dreadful to the authorities that they abandoned it by and by, from the 1560ies on.
In France and England, about a thousand Evangelicals were sentenced to be burnt at the stake in the 16th century. These executions were presented as a new Christian martyrdom. This article investigates the ways in which the Reformation has envisaged this extreme form of religious devotion by taking the representations of the stake as an example. Although they rejected the miracles in ancient hagiography, protestant authors nevertheless managed to preserve the analogy of stake and Passion by insisting upon the prophetic speech, through the metaphor of fire. Also, it turns out that the stake is a pretext for the condemnation of the cult of the relics, but also a defence of the “second eschatology” against the Anabaptist conception of dormition, while waiting for the Last Judgement. Evangelical Churches thereby transformed this torture from one of the most defamatory ones into an instrument of divine election and a kind of propaganda that seemed to have been so dreadful to the authorities that they abandoned it by and by, from the 1560ies on.
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Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões
Palavras-chave
RELIGIÃO, RELIGION, HISTÓRIA DE FRANÇA, HISTORY OF FRANCE, HISTÓRIA DA INGLATERRA, HISTORY OF ENGLAND, MÁRTIRES, MARTYRS, CATOLICISMO, CATHOLICISM, PROTESTANTISMO, PROTESTANTISM, CRISTIANISMO, RELIGIÃO CATÓLICA, HISTÓRIA DO CRISTIANISMO, HISTÓRIA DAS RELIGIÕES, CHRISTIANISM, CATHOLIC RELIGION, HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY, HISTORY OF RELIGIONS