Doenças da cabeça do coelho: descrição de casos clínicos com diagnóstico imagiológico
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2016
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As doenças mais frequentes com localização na cabeça dos coelhos são a doença dentária
adquirida, os abcessos dentários mandibulares ou maxilares, a otite interna e o empiema da
cavidade nasal.
Normalmente, a doença dentária adquirida e os abcessos dentários estão estritamente
relacionados com a alimentação e com a genética do animal, ao contrário das otites internas
e dos empiemas da cavidade nasal que possuem causas infecciosas. O diagnóstico precoce
é importante dado que o estadio evolutivo da doença irá afectar o prognóstico e o tratamento
da mesma. Este é baseado na anamnese, no exame físico geral e da cabeça e nos meios
auxiliares de diagnóstico, como a radiografia e a tomografia computorizada. O trabalho teve
como objetivo avaliar a importância da tomografia computorizada no diagnóstico das doenças
da cabeça do coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de estimação e comparar a sua utilidade com a
radiografia.
Durante o período do estudo compreendido entre 7 de Setembro de 2015 e 7 de Janeiro de
2016, foram observados pelo Dr. Rui Patrício sete casos de coelhos com doenças com
localização na cabeça, os quais foram alvo de análise neste trabalho. Esta série de casos
incluiu dois casos de sobrecrescimento dos incisivos e dos molares, um caso de abcesso de
grandes dimensões na mandíbula esquerda, um abcesso dentário recorrente localizado na
maxila direita, um empiema da cavidade nasal e um caso de síndrome vestibular de animal
positivo para Encephalitozoon cuniculli em que só foi possível a detecção da otite interna com
o auxilio da tomografia computorizada. O último caso foi referente a uma exoftalmia por
compressão de massa no olho direito em que foi realizada tomografia computorizada para
avaliar a dimensão da massa e planeamento cirúrgico caso.
A observação de doenças da cabeça dos coelhos é frequente na prática da Medicina de
Animais Exóticos e o interesse em recorrer a novas técnicas de diagnóstico imagiológico é
crescente.
The most common diseases observed on the head of rabbits are acquired dental diseases, mandibular or jaw dental abscesses, inner ear infections and empyema of the nasal cavity. Typically, the acquired dental disease and tooth abscesses are closely related to food and genetics of the animal, unlike the internal otitis and empyema nasal cavity that have infectious causes. Early diagnosis is important because the evolutionary stage of the disease will affect the prognosis and treatment. The diagnosis is based on history, physical examination of the head in general and on diagnostic tests such as X-ray and computed tomography. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the head of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and to compare its usefulness with radiography. During the study period, from September 7, 2015 and January 7, 2016, seven cases of disease located on the head were observed by Dr. Rui Patrício and they were analyzed in the present work. The cases included two cases of overgrowth of the incisors and molars, a case of a large abscess in the left jaw, a recurrent dental abscess on the right maxilla, one empyema of the nasal cavity and a case of vestibular syndrome in an animal that was positive to Encephalitozoon cuniculli and the detection of the otitis externa was only possible with the aid of computed tomography. The last case was related to an exophthalmia caused by a mass compressing the right eye and a CT scan was conducted to assess the size of the mass and the surgical planning for it’s removal. The observation of diseases of the head of rabbits is a regular practice in Exotic Animal Medicine and the advantages of using new diagnostic imaging techniques is growing.
The most common diseases observed on the head of rabbits are acquired dental diseases, mandibular or jaw dental abscesses, inner ear infections and empyema of the nasal cavity. Typically, the acquired dental disease and tooth abscesses are closely related to food and genetics of the animal, unlike the internal otitis and empyema nasal cavity that have infectious causes. Early diagnosis is important because the evolutionary stage of the disease will affect the prognosis and treatment. The diagnosis is based on history, physical examination of the head in general and on diagnostic tests such as X-ray and computed tomography. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of the head of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and to compare its usefulness with radiography. During the study period, from September 7, 2015 and January 7, 2016, seven cases of disease located on the head were observed by Dr. Rui Patrício and they were analyzed in the present work. The cases included two cases of overgrowth of the incisors and molars, a case of a large abscess in the left jaw, a recurrent dental abscess on the right maxilla, one empyema of the nasal cavity and a case of vestibular syndrome in an animal that was positive to Encephalitozoon cuniculli and the detection of the otitis externa was only possible with the aid of computed tomography. The last case was related to an exophthalmia caused by a mass compressing the right eye and a CT scan was conducted to assess the size of the mass and the surgical planning for it’s removal. The observation of diseases of the head of rabbits is a regular practice in Exotic Animal Medicine and the advantages of using new diagnostic imaging techniques is growing.
Descrição
Orientação: João Filipe Requicha ; co-orientação: Rui Patrício
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, COELHOS, DOENÇAS, TOMOGRAFIAS, RADIOGRAFIA, RABBITS, DISEASES, TOMOGRAPHIES, X-RAYS, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE