Águas abertas: caraterização da disciplina
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2017
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O universo das águas abertas (AA) apresenta um leque considerável de variáveis intervenientes. Esta disciplina apresenta uma tradição histórica considerável, com um número elevado de competições por todo o mundo.
A presente tese doutoral pretende caraterizar a disciplina de AA, fundamentando-se em três estudos. Os dois primeiros, de natureza qualitativa, foram elaborados tendo por base o modelo grounded theory, usado para o tratamento dos dados em estudo. O primeiro estudo analisa o processo de treino inerente à preparação de um evento de 10km. O segundo evidencia a análise tática de uma prova de AA e permite perceber a natureza dos acontecimentos verificados durante a mesma. O terceiro estudo, por seu lado, pretende complementar os trabalhos anteriores comparando as repercussões do regime nutricional de um grupo de dez nadadores portugueses na sua preparação para uma prova de 5km em dois momentos distintos da época desportiva.
Observamos que as estratégias de planeamento do treino a nível nacional e internacional não apresentam grandes discrepâncias. Os métodos de trabalho são comuns em termos de volumes, intensidades e desenho das tarefas para a respetiva sessão de trabalho. No entanto algumas dinâmicas dos atletas parecem ser diferenciadoras em determinados aspetos. A respeito da tática de prova evidenciada pelos nadadores de AA estudados, ressaltam três aspetos determinantes para as decisões tomadas em situação de prova: a manutenção no grupo da frente, economia de nado e poupança máxima de energia, e, ainda, a capacidade de resposta às mudanças de ritmo. Ao nível da estratégia alimentar durante uma prova de 10km verifica-se por parte dos nadadores portugueses um respeito predefinido no que concerne aos momentos pré-estabelecidos para os abastecimentos; contrariamente a esta situação é-nos apresentado o que sucede a nível internacional, em que os atletas procuram abastecer sempre que exista oportunidade para tal. Não foram constatadas alterações significativas no padrão alimentar de 10 atletas nacionais durante duas semanas de treino prévias à competição.
The universe of open water (OW) is characterized by a wide range of intervening variables. This modality has a considerable historical tradition, with a high number of competitions around the world. This thesis characterizes OW swimming through three scientifically studies. The first two are qualitative studies that were elaborated based on the grounded theory model, used for data processing. The first study analysis the training process inherent to the preparation of a 10K event. The second study encompasses the tactical analysis of an OW race and aims to achieve a better understanding of the nature of the different events throughout the race. Finally, the third study, which complements the previous two, investigates the effect of the eating habits of a group of ten portuguese swimmers on their preparation for a 5km race, in two distinct moments of the season. The training plans at national and international level do not vary considerably. The working methods are similar in terms of volume, intensity and the setting of tasks for sessions. However, the details in the athlete’s routines seem to make the difference in certain aspects. The analysis of the racing tactics used by the OW swimmers show that there are three main aspects that stand out as determinative when it comes to make decisions during the competitions: holding on to the leading group, swimming economy tactics, maximum energy saving techniques and finally, the ability to respond to changes in rhythm. When it comes to the nutritional strategies adopted during a 10km competition, the main conclusion is that Portuguese swimmers follow the pre-established supplying moments. However, at an international level, the athletes try to replenish themselves whenever there is an opportunity to do so. There were no noticeable changes of the nutritional intake of ten national athletes throughout two weeks of training.
The universe of open water (OW) is characterized by a wide range of intervening variables. This modality has a considerable historical tradition, with a high number of competitions around the world. This thesis characterizes OW swimming through three scientifically studies. The first two are qualitative studies that were elaborated based on the grounded theory model, used for data processing. The first study analysis the training process inherent to the preparation of a 10K event. The second study encompasses the tactical analysis of an OW race and aims to achieve a better understanding of the nature of the different events throughout the race. Finally, the third study, which complements the previous two, investigates the effect of the eating habits of a group of ten portuguese swimmers on their preparation for a 5km race, in two distinct moments of the season. The training plans at national and international level do not vary considerably. The working methods are similar in terms of volume, intensity and the setting of tasks for sessions. However, the details in the athlete’s routines seem to make the difference in certain aspects. The analysis of the racing tactics used by the OW swimmers show that there are three main aspects that stand out as determinative when it comes to make decisions during the competitions: holding on to the leading group, swimming economy tactics, maximum energy saving techniques and finally, the ability to respond to changes in rhythm. When it comes to the nutritional strategies adopted during a 10km competition, the main conclusion is that Portuguese swimmers follow the pre-established supplying moments. However, at an international level, the athletes try to replenish themselves whenever there is an opportunity to do so. There were no noticeable changes of the nutritional intake of ten national athletes throughout two weeks of training.
Descrição
Orientação: Jorge
dos Santos Proença Martins ; co-orientação: Professor Doutor Luís Manuel Pinto Lopes Rama
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, NATAÇÃO, TREINO DESPORTIVO, NUTRIÇÃO DO DESPORTISTA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SWIMMING, SPORTS COACHING, SPORTS NUTRITION