O farmacêutico e a prevenção do tabagismo nos adolescentes : resultados de uma intervenção educacional em meio escolar
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Data
2017
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Fumar tem consequências imediatas na saúde dos adolescentes. No entanto, o maior risco que estes correm quando começam a fumar é o de ficarem dependentes do tabaco. A literatura encontra-se repleta de intervenções junto desta população, com o objetivo de prevenir o tabagismo e promover a cessação tabágica. Estas intervenções são frequentemente da responsabilidade de profissionais de saúde, mas não do farmacêutico.
Com o presente estudo pretende-se avaliar a intervenção educacional do farmacêutico em meio escolar, para a prevenção do tabagismo tendo-se realizado um estudo quasi-experimental com avaliação antes e depois da intervenção em duas escolas do Ensino Básico do Distrito de Lisboa.
A amostra estudada foi constituída por 176 adolescentes do 9ºano de escolaridade, com idade média de 15,50±1,67 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠, sendo 56,8% alunos do sexo feminino e 43,2% do sexo masculino. A percentagem de alunos fumadores foi elevada tanto na escola do centro da cidade, como na escola da periferia – 60% e 56,2% respetivamente
Após a intervenção farmacêutica verificou-se uma melhoria dos conhecimentos dos alunos sobre o tabagismo obtendo-se, para todas as perguntas, diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,000). As razões que levam os alunos a fumar ou que levam as pessoas, no geral, a fumar modificaram-se, mas não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Quanto aos comportamentos, observou-se uma melhoria após a intervenção nomeadamente no que respeita ao tempo que decorre entre o acordar e o fumar o 1º cigarro (p<0,000), aos alunos ficaram mais sensibilizados para a leitura dos avisos nas embalagens de tabaco (p=0,035) e dos locais onde podem recorrer para deixar de fumar (p=0,009). Contudo, apenas 4 alunos em toda a amostra manifestam intenção de deixar de fumar. Setenta por cento dos alunos estudados manifesta indecisão quanto a deixar de fumar.
Tendo em conta os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a intervenção farmacêutica foi eficaz, principalmente na melhoria dos conhecimentos e dos comportamentos. Desta maneira, este estudo conclui que também os farmacêuticos podem atuar na prevenção e promoção da cessação tabágica, junto nesta população.
Smoking has immediate consequences on the health of adolescents. However, the greatest risk they face after start smoking is to become dependent on tobacco. The literature is full of interventions with this population, with the aim of preventing smoking and promoting smoking cessation. These interventions are often the responsibility of health professionals, but not the pharmacist. To evaluate the educational intervention of the pharmacist in the school environment, for the prevention of smoking, a quasi-experimental study was performed with a convenience sample, and evaluation before and after in two elementary schools of the District of Lisbon. The studied sample consisted of 176 adolescents from the 9th grade, with a mean age of 15.50 ± 1.67 years, 56.8% female students and 43.2% male students. The percentage of smoking students was high in both school - city center and suburb - 60% and 56.2% respectively After pharmaceutical intervention, there was an improvement in students' knowledge about smoking, obtaining, for all questions, statistically significant differences (p <0.000). The reasons that lead students to smoke or lead people in general to smoke have changed but no statistically significant differences have been observed. Regarding behaviors, there was an improvement after the intervention, in particular regarding the time elapsing between waking and smoking the first cigarette (p <0.000), the students became more aware of the warnings on the tobacco packages (p = 0.035) and where they can go if they want to quit smoking (p = 0.009). However, only 4 students expressed an intention to quit smoking. Seventy percent of the students studied expressed indecision about quitting. Taking into account the results obtained, it was verified that the pharmaceutical intervention was effective, mainly in the improvement of the knowledge and the behaviors. In this way, this study concludes that also pharmacists can act in the prevention and promotion of smoking cessation, together in this population.
Smoking has immediate consequences on the health of adolescents. However, the greatest risk they face after start smoking is to become dependent on tobacco. The literature is full of interventions with this population, with the aim of preventing smoking and promoting smoking cessation. These interventions are often the responsibility of health professionals, but not the pharmacist. To evaluate the educational intervention of the pharmacist in the school environment, for the prevention of smoking, a quasi-experimental study was performed with a convenience sample, and evaluation before and after in two elementary schools of the District of Lisbon. The studied sample consisted of 176 adolescents from the 9th grade, with a mean age of 15.50 ± 1.67 years, 56.8% female students and 43.2% male students. The percentage of smoking students was high in both school - city center and suburb - 60% and 56.2% respectively After pharmaceutical intervention, there was an improvement in students' knowledge about smoking, obtaining, for all questions, statistically significant differences (p <0.000). The reasons that lead students to smoke or lead people in general to smoke have changed but no statistically significant differences have been observed. Regarding behaviors, there was an improvement after the intervention, in particular regarding the time elapsing between waking and smoking the first cigarette (p <0.000), the students became more aware of the warnings on the tobacco packages (p = 0.035) and where they can go if they want to quit smoking (p = 0.009). However, only 4 students expressed an intention to quit smoking. Seventy percent of the students studied expressed indecision about quitting. Taking into account the results obtained, it was verified that the pharmaceutical intervention was effective, mainly in the improvement of the knowledge and the behaviors. In this way, this study concludes that also pharmacists can act in the prevention and promotion of smoking cessation, together in this population.
Descrição
Orientação:
Luís Monteiro Rodrigues ; co-orientação: Maria Manuela Gomes Teixeira, Lígia Brito Reis
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, TABAGISMO, ADOLESCENTES, FARMACÊUTICOS, CUIDADOS FARMACÊUTICOS, PREVENÇÃO DO TABAGISMO, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SMOKING, ADOLESCENTS, PHARMACISTS, PHARMACEUTICAL CARE, SMOKING PREVENTION