O 18 de janeiro de 1934 na Marinha Grande : a imprensa local na (re)construção do mito
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2018
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Em 18 de janeiro de 1934 eclodiu em várias localidades de Portugal, nomeadamente na
então vila da Marinha Grande, hoje cidade com cerca de 40 mil habitantes, um movimento
insurrecional que pretendia derrubar o Estado Novo e, dessa forma, abolir a legislação que
pretendia condicionar o sindicalismo livre.
A ação revolucionária do operariado português, intentada fundamentalmente por
anarco-sindicalistas e comunistas, unidos numa Frente Única, foi «esmagada» por Salazar,
sem grandes dificuldades.
O homem que liderou Portugal com «mão-de-ferro» até 1968 aproveitou a oportunidade
para usar habilmente a imprensa escrita e, assim, passar ao povo a mensagem que mais lhe
interessava, ou seja, permitiu que os jornais de referência à época publicassem as ações que
contribuíram para desestabilizar a ordem pública, designadamente atentados bombistas, cortes
de linhas férreas e interrupção de energia elétrica.
Se por um lado o novo regime autoritário utilizou engenhosamente a comunicação, em
contraponto esta foi uma das falhas dos revoltosos que conceberam e promoveram a ação
insurrecional, uma das mais duras derrotas do movimento operário português.
Oito décadas após o 18 de Janeiro de 1934 na Marinha Grande, continua muito por
esclarecer. Esta tese visa observar as representações do movimento insurrecional na imprensa
regional e local do distrito de Leiria (O Mensageiro, A Voz do Domingo, Região de Leiria,
Jornal da Marinha Grande, O Correio, Jornal da Marinha Grande e Jornal de Leiria - 1934-
1984), verificando-se de que forma o conteúdo político da ação foi plasmado no papel, desde
logo entre a ditadura e a democracia, presumindo-se que existem diferenças significativas,
devido à presença permanente do censor durante os anos em que perdurou em Portugal o
Estado Novo.
Há ainda a ter em conta a dimensão como a efeméride foi comemorada e as
apropriações que foram sendo feitas ao longo dos anos, designadamente pelo Partido
Comunista Português, ou melhor, pelos seus dirigentes, bem como as controvérsias que daí
resultaram.
On January 18th of 1934 erupted in several locations of Portugal, in particular in the then village of Marinha Grande, today a city with about 40 thousand inhabitants, an insurrectional movement that pretended to take down the Estado Novo, and, thereby, nullify the legislation that wanted to condition the free syndicalism. The revolutionary action of the portuguese working class, fundamentally brought by anarcho-syndicalist and communists, united in a Single Front, was “smashed” by Salazar, without great difficulties. The man who led Portugal with an “iron hand” until 1968 seized the opportunity to use cleverly the written press and, in this way, pass to the people the message that interested him the most, or, in other words, allowed that the newspapers of reference of the era, to publish the actions that helped to destabilize the public order, in particular, bomb attacks, railway cuts and electricity interruption. If, by one hand, the authoritarian regime used artfully the communication, in opposition, this was one of the flaws of the rebels who conceived and promoted the insurrectional action, one of the most harsh defeats of the movement of the Portuguese working class. Eight decades after the 18th of January of 1934 in Marinha Grande, a lot is still to clarify. This thesis aims to observe the representations of the insurgent movement on the regional and local newspapers of the Leiria district (O Mensageiro, A Voz do Domingo, Região de Leiria, Jornal da Marinha Grande, O Correio, Jornal da Marinha Grande and Jornal de Leiria - 1934-1984), verifying in what way the political content of action was molded into paper, right after and between dictatorship and democracy, assuming that there are significant diferences, due to the permanent presence of censor during the period in wich the Estado Novo has lasted in Portugal. It is also necessary to consider, the dimension in which the ephemeris was commemorated and, the appropriations that have been made through the years, particularly by the Portuguese Communist Party, or rather, by its leaders, and as well as the controversy that has resulted.
On January 18th of 1934 erupted in several locations of Portugal, in particular in the then village of Marinha Grande, today a city with about 40 thousand inhabitants, an insurrectional movement that pretended to take down the Estado Novo, and, thereby, nullify the legislation that wanted to condition the free syndicalism. The revolutionary action of the portuguese working class, fundamentally brought by anarcho-syndicalist and communists, united in a Single Front, was “smashed” by Salazar, without great difficulties. The man who led Portugal with an “iron hand” until 1968 seized the opportunity to use cleverly the written press and, in this way, pass to the people the message that interested him the most, or, in other words, allowed that the newspapers of reference of the era, to publish the actions that helped to destabilize the public order, in particular, bomb attacks, railway cuts and electricity interruption. If, by one hand, the authoritarian regime used artfully the communication, in opposition, this was one of the flaws of the rebels who conceived and promoted the insurrectional action, one of the most harsh defeats of the movement of the Portuguese working class. Eight decades after the 18th of January of 1934 in Marinha Grande, a lot is still to clarify. This thesis aims to observe the representations of the insurgent movement on the regional and local newspapers of the Leiria district (O Mensageiro, A Voz do Domingo, Região de Leiria, Jornal da Marinha Grande, O Correio, Jornal da Marinha Grande and Jornal de Leiria - 1934-1984), verifying in what way the political content of action was molded into paper, right after and between dictatorship and democracy, assuming that there are significant diferences, due to the permanent presence of censor during the period in wich the Estado Novo has lasted in Portugal. It is also necessary to consider, the dimension in which the ephemeris was commemorated and, the appropriations that have been made through the years, particularly by the Portuguese Communist Party, or rather, by its leaders, and as well as the controversy that has resulted.
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DOUTORAMENTO EM CIÊNCIAS DA COMUNICAÇÃO, COMUNICAÇÃO, IMPRENSA, IMPRENSA PORTUGUESA, IMPRENSA LOCAL, MOVIMENTO OPERÁRIO, ESTADO NOVO, PORTUGAL, MARINHA GRANDE, COMMUNICATION, PRESS, PORTUGUESE PRESS, LOCAL PRESS, WORKING CLASS MOVEMENT, ESTADO NOVO, PORTUGAL, MARINHA GRANDE