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Item From emotion to virality : the use of social media in the populism of Chega and VOX(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-04-23) Domínguez-García, Ricardo; Baptista, João Pedro; Pérez-Curiel, Concha; Fonseca, Daniela Esperança Monteiro da; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis study analyses the digital communication strategies of the radical right parties VOX (Spain) and Chega (Portugal) on the social media platforms X, Instagram, and TikTok during the electoral periods. Using a comparative content analysis with quantitative and qualitative approaches, the research reveals that both parties employ a populist discourse marked by confrontation with the political elite and the use of emotional appeals to mobilize their followers. VOX directs its attacks at the left and the Spanish Prime Minister, while Chega emphasizes criticism of the political system as a whole. The results show that polarization and the evocation of emotions such as indignation, pride, and hope are central strategies in their posts. Furthermore, messages with strong emotional charge and audiovisual elements generate a greater impact, especially on TikTok and Instagram, where virality is significantly higher than on X. The study concludes that the communication strategies of these parties are based on ‘data populism’, where interaction and visibility on social media reinforce their political narratives and consolidate their base of support.Item Audiences, content diversity and streaming platforms in small European countries : Engagement, interaction with catalogues, and choice(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-07-31) Damásio, Manuel José; Helen Bengesser, Cathrin; Graça, André Rui; Primorac, Jaka; Grácio, Rita; Kauber, Sten; Pernin, Judith; Hammoud, Paul; Materska-Samek, Marta; Kotlinska, Malgorzata; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThe rapid growth of streaming platforms and their catalogues has transformed the way audiences engage with content, offering unprecedented content choices. This article delves into the presence of content from small countries on VoDs in Europe and explores how users engage with such content on different types of VoD services. Based on a literature review, an analysis of content availability in European VoD catalogues and the results of qualitative media diaries and interviews carried out in seven small European markets, the ultimate goal is to provide insight into how users engage with streaming platforms and other intermediaries to discover content, to highlight key trends regarding this matter and to discuss what these findings mean for the availability, discoverability and consumption of films from small markets.Item Memeability and sharenting : the affective economy of children on social media(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025-03-12) Marôpo, Lidia; Jorge, Ana; Carvalho, Bárbara Janiques de; Neto, Filipa; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis article considers how children’s memeability is entangled with commercial sharenting narratives through two case studies of (mothers) influencers and their daughters in Brazil and Portugal. The Brazilian mother privileges cute aesthetics by enchantment in an inspirational sharenting and does not promote the child’s memeability. In contrast, the Portuguese influencer privileges cringe aesthetics, encouraging her daughter’s memeability by exploring the ambivalence of parenting with humor in a transgressive sharenting. The findings point to the unpredictability and uncontrollability of the memetic culture. In Brazil, the child’s image was appropriated for playful and parodic engagement, neglecting her privacy, reputation, and well-being despite her mother’s public complaint. This unauthorized memeability results from the girl’s celebrification after her display in viral content and advertising campaigns. In contrast, the encouraged memeability of the Portuguese influencer does not exceed her community of followers since her daughter’s recognition seems limited to an extension of the mother’s self.Item Construction and validation of a questionnaire on kinky and BDSM fantasies and activities in portuguese adults(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025-06-20) Vilhena, Inês; Martins, Margarida; Cardoso, Daniel; Duarte, Eva; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSexual practices considered unconventional, including kinky and BDSM dynamics, are integrated within the diversity of human sexuality. However, studies often use ad hoc instruments and/or depend on the self-identification of participants, leading to inconsistent results. Therefore, the present work aimed to fill these gaps through the development and validation of the Kinky and BDSM Fantasies and Activities Inventory (Inventário de Fantasias e Atividades kinky e BDSM; IFAKBDSM). This instrument was developed based on the adaptation of two preexisting instruments and in response to discussions with psychologists and researchers experienced in this area, as well as individuals with kinky practices. Study 1 involved an Exploratory Factor Analysis with 260 Portuguese adults (18–72 years; M = 29), and Study 2 comprised a Confirmatory Factor Analysis with 515 Portuguese adults (18–79 years; M = 30). The preliminary factorial analysis identified four factors consistent with the literature: Domination and Sadism, Submission and Masochism, Voyeurism and Exhibitionism, and Fetishism. The second study confirmed this structure with satisfactory factor weights and fit indices and presented good internal consistency. The final version of the IFAKBDSM comprises two sections: the first one includes 28 items that assess seven dimensions organized into the four aforementioned factors; and the second section encompasses 38 items that focus on kinky practices. Globally, the instrument presented satisfactory psychometric results, proving to be a reliable tool for studying kinky and BDSM practices in Portuguese adults.Item But some people still think that men cannot be raped : a qualitative study on Portuguese Judges’ perceptions regarding rape perpetrated by women against adult men(Routledge, 2025-05-24) Carmo, Eunice; Cardoso, Daniel; Brazão, Nélio; Carvalho, Joana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesIntroduction: The perceptions of judges regarding sexual violence perpetrated by women against men (SVWM) have not been approached widely in previous empirical research. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to provide a preliminary understanding of the perceptions of Portuguese judges regarding SVWM. Method: Eight Portuguese judges (men and women) were interviewed in 2020. Data was analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Gender and alcohol had central roles in judges’ accounts, as non-consent, motivations, risk, the impact of violence, and sexual scripts were mostly discussed with these two factors in mind. Narratives oscillated between gender-neutral reflections and depictions of gender stereotypes and male rape myths. Challenges and opportunities of the Justice System were discussed considering the stigma associated with SVWM, while judges’ accounts were shaped by their lack of direct experience with such cases. Conclusions: Participants’ narratives reflected important contradictions between their adherence to some male rape myths and gender stereotypes and their endorsement of the ideal of a gender-neutral rape Law. Policy implications: The results of this study implicate that the impact of gender-based perceptions and rape myths on rape-related attrition rates and sentencing in SVWM cases should be further explored in empirical research. Additionally, public policy efforts should be invested in evidence-based professional training for judges focused on challenging gender stereotypes and male-rape myths.Item Beyond Equality – Nonmonogamy and the Necropolitics of Marriage(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-04-10) Cardoso, Daniel; Klesse, Christian; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies‘Marriage equality’ has been a widely used slogan and mobilizing concept for LGBTQ+ rights’ movements across the globe striving for formal recognition for ‘same-sex’ or ‘same-gender’ marriages. In this article, we critically interrogate the terminology and political rationality that have given shape to ‘marriage equality’ campaigns. We demonstrate the structural erasure of non-monogamous relations and populations from the changes hoped for and envisioned in these mobilizations. The lack of any genuine and substantial concern with Consensual Non-monogamies (CNMs) from most of the literature in the field highlights the close entanglement of marriage with monogamy. As a result, ideas are scarce about how meaningful and adequate legal recognition and social policy provisions for a wide range of intimate, sexual, familial, and/or caring bonds or constellations on the CNM continuum could look like. We argue that the critique of the mononormativity inherent to marriage is fundamental to understanding the role of this in the 21st century. We identify the roots of the mononormativity of marriage in its governmental role as a necropolitical and biopolitical technology, evidenced by its ‘civilizing’ function in white settler colonial projects. Because of this, an expansion of the call for equality to include non-monogamous populations does not resolve but rather aggravates the problem. We conclude that any truly queer politics of CNM consequently needs to be anti-marriage.Item UNDER FIRE : news coverage of the Russian side of the war in Ukraine as combat : The case of Bruno Amaral de Carvalho(Associacao Brasileira de Pesquisadores de Jornalismo, 2023-12-26) Loureiro, Luís Miguel; Pereira, Rui; Figueira, Alexandra; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesPartindo do caso do jornalista freelancer Bruno Amaral de Carvalho, identificamos e analisamos os dois tipos de combates em que se envolveu para garantir a cobertura da guerra da Ucrânia, para a CNN Portugal, a partir do lado russo, entre março e outubro de 2022. Além de se envolver na guerra de informação que, desde 2014, configurou dois campos metanarrativos relativamente à Ucrânia, o jornalista, o único a trabalhar desse lado da guerra para os média portugueses no período em análise, teve de combater as estratégias de degradação simbólica que lhe foram dirigidas por políticos e jornalistas, sob a forma de ataques ao caráter e à independência. O estudo recolhe os conteúdos produzidos por Bruno Amaral de Carvalho para a CNN Portugal, classificando-os de acordo com esses campos metanarrativos, e faz a decomposição e análise ao processo de degradação simbólica que obrigou o jornalista a esse duplo combate.Palavras-chave: Metanarrativas. Jornalismo. Propaganda. Guerra de informação. Degradação simbólica.Item Perspectives on the future of film education in Europe(2024-12-01) Damásio, Manuel José; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis paper explores potential avenues for the future development of film education in Europe, emphasizing how ongoing technological, social, and institutional transformations affect both the medium of film in itself but also the pedagogical approaches implemented within film schools. Acknowledging rapid advancements like virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and shifting audience behaviors, the paper argues for a paradigm shift toward educating through film, rather than merely about it. The authors present FilmEU – one of the new “European Universities” Alliance – as a model for the future development of film education, highlighting its interdisciplinary and trans-European approach to creative arts. Additionally, the “Samsara” pedagogical framework is introduced. This is a pedagogical framework designed to foster a holistic learning experience that balances technical training with a broader media literacy and critical thinking focus. The paper advocates for innovative, project-driven approaches that enable film schools to remain relevant and impactful in the cultural and creative industries in the midst of the profound ongoing transformations.Item Desafiar a monogamia : declaração de intenções(2025-02-22) Navarro, Pablo Pérez; Barbosa, Mônica; Núñez, Geni; Cardoso, Daniel; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas TecnologiasO dossiê que você tem em mãos surgiu de uma premissa um tanto peculiar: preferíamos não ter muito claro, de antemão, sobre o que iríamos tratar. Pode parecer uma aposta arriscada para um número "temático", mas a verdade é que contávamos apenas com um conjunto de inquietudes relacionadas ao imperativo cultural da monogamia que, bem vistas, não pareciam apontar sequer na mesma direção.Item Situating #MeToo : a comparative analysis of the movement in Catalonia and Portugal(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023) Roqueta-Fernàndez, Marta; CALDEIRA, ANA SOFIA PEREIRA; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSince its re-emergence in 2017, the #MeToo movement has been adopted across the globe. #MeToo has a transnational dimension, transcending its initial US context and placing international issues alongside national concerns. This article aims to contextualize and situate #MeToo, providing a critical review of the movement in two local contexts – Catalonia (Spain) and Portugal. The analysis is grounded on empirical observations on social media, drawing as well on previous scholarship on the topic produced both internationally and in the contexts of study, and on the engagement with relevant national media sources. By focusing on national expressions of #MeToo in Portugal and Catalonia, this article explores how #MeToo took shape in (and was shaped by) the local contexts and existing feminist practices. It presents the different temporalities and dynamics of the movement in these two contexts, exploring the roles of both social media and traditional press in the local developments of #MeToo, and also briefly exploring the local legislative implications of the movement. This article thus presents #MeToo as common and easily recognisable frame used in local contexts to approach different issues of sexual and gendered violence, yet flexible enough to allow for national specificities.Item Framing empathy : examining audience responses to female-on-male sexual violence(Springer, 2025-02-17) Tselenti, Danai; Cardoso, Daniel; Carvalho, Joana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThe purpose of this secondary study was to investigate readers’ empathic framings in response to a female-on-male rape literary story, as articulated in online reviews on Goodreads. Drawing upon Nabi’s “emotions-as-frames” approach, we conducted a qualitative framing analysis by using a combination of deductive and inductive strategies. Two overarching empathy frames already present in the literature (bright, and dark empathy) served as interpretive anchors for categorizing empathic responses. Additionally, sentiment analysis was used to assess responses’ emotional valences. Qualitative findings yielded five main framings: (1) femalecentered empathy and (2) sadistic empathy (aligning with the dark empathy frame); (3) empathic distress and (4) empathic anger (demonstrating overlaps between the bright and dark empathy frame), and (5) compassion (characteristic of the bright empathy frame). Sentiment analysis results showed a notable presence of mixed sentiments. Our findings highlight how empathy operates across a spectrum, encompassing various combinations of self-oriented and other-oriented framings with diverse emotional valences (positive, negative and mixed). These nuanced responses shape distinct paths of feeling through, with/as, for, or even showing concern for the fictional male victims. They further point to the significance of “feeling rules” that socially distribute empathy and establish hierarchies of “deserving” and “nondeserving” recipients. Departing from previous research that approaches empathic reactions to rape themes within a unidimensional perspective, our findings point to the importance of addressing the interrelations between audience responses and multi-dimensional, multivalent emotional flows. We further discuss the implications of the “darker” sides of empathic engagement for sexual violence prevention and efforts to challenge male rape myths.Item Diversity in partner number sexuality via Sexual Configurations Theory(Springer New York, 2025-01-16) Mathi, Lydia Victoria Kula; Wilhelm, Bianca S.; De Barros, Ana Carolina; Cardoso, Daniel; Connolly, Sam; Van Anders, Greg; Van Anders, Sari M.; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies“Partner number sexuality” (P#S) refers to how many partners individuals have/are interested in having. Those with P#S outside of monogamous desires and/or practices commonly face stigma in North America and elsewhere. Yet theories of sexuality do not always make room for diverse P#S. One theory that does is sexual configurations theory (SCT), which visually models gender/sex and sexuality (van Anders, 2015). In this study, we investigated what insights SCT could provide into P#S, whether SCT was useful to those with minoritized P#S, and how those with minoritized P#S made use of SCT. To do so, we conducted online interviews, asking participants (N = 26) to complete two SCT diagrams and report on their experience. We used template analysis to analyze transcripts and compiled “SCT heatmaps,” aggregates of SCT diagrams. We constructed 11 major themes, including diverse understandings of eroticism and romantic/platonic relationships, the impacts of hermeneutical injustice (the injustice of knowledge systems) on participants’ abilities to conceptualize and discuss their P#S, and how SCT facilitated conversations about P#S. The heatmaps showed that participants made use of most of both SCT diagrams, showing branchedness in P#S between “eroticism” and “nurturance,” and between status, identity, and orientation. Our study highlights that the lived experience of partnering, especially of those with minoritized P#S, extends far beyond commonly understood categories, and that SCT is a useful tool that can accurately reflect diversity in P#S.Item Mummy influencers and professional sharenting(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-02) Jorge, Ana; Marôpo, Lidia; Coelho, Ana Margarida; Novello, Lia; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSharenting (sharing parenting on social media) has become a widespread activity, and some of those parents become family influencers. Female influencers have been on the rise, partly as an alternative to the precariousness of the job market. This article presents a qualitative study on 11 Portuguese mummy and family influencers, analysing social media content observed throughout 2.5 years, as well as media discourses on them. It focuses on how these female content creators portray parenting and family, work–life balance as an influencer and their boundaries for privacy and intimacy. It demonstrates how prominent mummy influencers reproduce a neoliberal ethos which favours an individual management of reconciling motherhood and a career in the context of post-austerity and precarity, through an emotional discourse that promotes relatability with the audience, converted into an essentially consumerist agenda.Item How an audio-visual instrument can foster the sonic experience.(MIT Press, 2013) Sá, Adriana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThe chapter formulates an understanding of how an audio-visual instrument can be composed in such a way that the experience is driven through sound organization – modulated, but not obfuscated, by a moving image. This is particularly challenging, as normally the audio-visual relationship is skewed in favor of the visual. The investigation is motivated by insights derived from artistic practice. It outlines psychophysical boundaries with the aid of existing cognition/ attention research, and it describes three principles for the creation audio-visual instruments. As an example, the article describes how they are explored in a specific audio-visual instrument, combining an acoustic zither and modified software from audio processing and video-game technologies. This instrument addresses the three principles while exploring the disparities between an acoustic and a digital output. Keywords: NIME, Audio-visual relationship, Musical expression, Perception, Multisensory integrationItem Human and Companion Animal Proteus mirabilis Sharing(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-03) Marques, Cátia; Belas, Adriana; da Silva, Joana Moreira; Cavaco-Silva, Patrícia; Trigueiro, Graça; Gama, Luís T.; Pomba, Constança; Menezes, Juliana Cruz de Oliveira de; I-MVET - Veterinary Medicine Research (CECAV); FMV - Faculty of Veterinary MedicineProteus mirabilis is an important pathogen that is associated with urinary tract infections. This study aims to determine the colonization and sharing of P. mirabilis between healthy companion animals and humans that are living together and to evaluate the clonal relatedness of the fecal and clinical stains. Eighteen households (24 humans, 18 dogs, 8 cats) with at least one human–animal pair were studied. Fecal samples were plated onto MacConkey and Hektoen agar and P. mirabilis PFGE analysis (NotI; Dice/UPGMA; 1.5% tolerance) was conducted for the households with multiple positive participants. Antimicrobial-resistance was tested according to CLSI. The fecal P. mirabilis pulse-types were compared with uropathogenic clinical strains (n = 183). Forty-nine P. mirabilis were isolated from eight households. The percentage of colonization in the dogs (44.4%, n = 8/18) was significantly higher (p = 0.0329) than in the humans (12.5%, n = 3/24). Three households had multiple colonized participants. One human–dog pair shared related P. mirabilis strains, which clustered with a clinical strain of animal origin (82.5%). One fecal P. mirabilis strain, from a dog, clustered with two human community-acquired clinical strains (80.9%, 88.9%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of dogs and humans living in close contact and sharing related P. mirabilis strains. The high frequency of colonization in the dogs underlines their possible role as P. mirabilis reservoirs for humans and other dogs.Item ‘When you realise your dad is Cristiano Ronaldo’ : celebrity sharenting and children’s digital identities(Routledge, 2022) Jorge, Ana; Marôpo, Lidia; Neto, Filipa; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesSharenting, or the practice of sharing one’s parenting or information about one’s children on social media, occurs in an increasingly platformized digital culture, where visual formats are central across participatory and commercial repositories. This paper investigates the articulation between sharenting as performed by celebrities and the wider construction of children’s digital identities. Through qualitative content analysis, this research looks at how Cristiano Ronaldo, the most-followed individual on Instagram since 2018, his partner, and his mother shared information about his children on that social media platform between 2018 and 2020. Through manual exploration, we searched for Ronaldo’s children across a variety of digital spaces. Our analysis reveals that sharenting on Instagram engages audiences through the portrayal of children as the parents’ extended self. Content from Instagram and news media is appropriated in vernacular and commercial digital spaces for conflicting affects: the cute father-son dyad, and the son as extension of the uber-famous, vain father. This extreme case shows how the digital identities of children of celebrities are widely public, formed by the everyday, intimate content of the family’s life, which is persistent and collectively recreated by news media, vernacular culture, and commercial platforms. Keywords: Instagram; memes; football; affect; family; social mediaItem Using digital interactive television for the promotion of health and wellness(Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group, 2014) Quico, Célia; Damásio, Manuel José; Batista, André; Sequeira, Ágata; Veríssimo, Iolanda; Henriques, Sara; Cardoso, Mário; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesDigital interactive television (iDTV) is often seen as a platform with great potential to deliver health and wellness content and services directly to people. Despite the advantages of e-Health, public engagement with such services is still limited. Our research assumes that health literacy plays a key role on users’ engagement with these kinds of services and we postulate that it is one of the main predictors of users’ attitudes and behaviours towards iDTV health and wellness services. Our main goal was to identify and describe the factors that limit the efficiency of e-Health interventions and the potential depicted in this context by specific technologies – i.e. iDTV. The proposed research design adopts a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques. The studies were conducted in a southern European country – Portugal – between 2012 and 2013. We found that 51.7% of the respondents showed high probability (þ50%) of having limited health literacy (low literacy) and they are more likely to be men/women with an average age of 49.81, fourth grade or less, belonging to status group D/E and showing less interest and less perception of the utility of e-Health interventions. The groups that depict limited e-Health literacy are also the ones least interested in digital TV services related to health and wellness. Following this, we propose that in order for people to realize the actual benefits of using these applications, it is essential to tailor both content and services in accordance with the depicted level of e-Health literacy.Item Influenza : a board game design experiment on vaccination(SAGE Publications Inc., 2021-08) Neves, Pedro Pinto; Luz, Filipe Costa; Vital, Eva; Oliveira, Jorge; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction LabIntroduction.: Experts on vaccine hesitancy recommend tailoring interventions to local contexts, which presents an opportunity for game-based interventions to reflect local demographics and make them central to the experience of the game. Experimental game design is a research method that has already been used in educational games. Board games are relevant to the topic of vaccination, and present possibilities for game design of openness and flexibility. INFLUENZA was an experimental game design with the objectives of designing a vaccination-themed educational board game where: an aspect of local context was highly-relevant but also easily modifiable, means of emotional engagement were explored, and openness and flexibility in board game design were explored. Methods.: The experimental game design study consisted of finding design solutions for achieving the study objectives in a single game, by analyzing comparable games and using iteration and two stages of live testing with players. Results.: The game reflects national census data in a highly-relevant but also easily modifiable aspect of play (first objective). The game features aspects of personification to foster emotional engagement (second objective). The game is well-suited to changing the number of players, or allowing mediated play (third objective). Discussion.: INFLUENZA has achieved each of its study objectives from an experimental game design perspective. Relevant features of educational games are theme, mechanics, and their integration, and the design experimentation in INFLUENZA follows this trend. Future work is running comparative trials of features of INFLUENZA, as well as measuring the impact of different local adaptations of INFLUENZA.Item A method for the analysis of sound art and audio-visual performance(McGraw Hill Education, 2021-07) Sá, Adriana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesO termo NIME, acrónimo de “new interface for musical expression”, aplica-se a uma grande diversidade de práticas criativas. Mas raramente se discute o que significa ‘expressão’. Neste artigo formulamos uma noção de expressão em que a interação performer-instrumento é importante, assim como a relação entre audição, visão e espaço. Articulando prática artística e ciências da perceção, descrevemos três princípios criativos e um modelo de visualização paramétrica. O modelo inclui parâmetros relativos à interação, às dinâmicas sonora e visual, à relação áudio-visual, à configuração do espaço físico e à semântica. Estes parâmetros são aplicáveis a qualquer plataforma técnica e abordagem estética. O método de visualização aqui proposto facilita a análise do modo como a sua inter-relação conduz a experiência do público. Palavras-chave : Expressão sonora, performance audiovisual, dominância sensorial, “spatial presence”, modelo de visualização paramétricaItem Exploring disparities between acoustic and digital sound(MIT Press, 2015) Sá, Adriana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesMapping digital sound to an acoustic input enables the performer and the software to ‘talk’ simultaneously. Whilst the performer has direct control over the acoustic outcome, the digital can become a means of destabilization - as it is mediated through code. Musical expression substantiates as the performer addresses the unexpected resourcefully. This text describes the performative dynamics in terms of perceptual mechanics. Keywords: acoustic instruments, digital instruments, perception, conscious awareness, chance