Percorrer por autor "Levendosky, Alytia"

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    Alternative models of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder in portuguese adolescents exposed to trauma and childhood adversity
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Santos, Patrícia Correia; Morgado, Diogo; Maia, Ângela Rosa da Costa; Levendosky, Alytia; Jongenelen, Inês Martins; Pinto, Ricardo José Martins; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
    The factor structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been extensively debated, with evidence supporting the recently proposed seven-factor hybrid model. However, few studies examining PTSD symptom structure have assessed the implications of these proposed models on diagnostic criteria and PTSD prevalence. In the present study, we examined seven alternative DSM-5 PTSD models within a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale–Self-Report for DSM-5 (CPSS-5). Additionally, we generated prevalence rates for each of the seven models by using a symptom-based diagnostic algorithm and assessed whether substance abuse, depression, anxiety symptoms, and daily functioning were differentially associated with PTSD depending on the model used to derive the diagnosis. Participants were 317 adolescents aged 13–17 years (M = 15.93, SD = 1.23) who had experienced a DSM-5 Criterion A trauma and/or childhood adversity. The CFA results showed good fit indices for all models, with the seven-factor hybrid model presenting the best fit. The rates of PTSD diagnosis varied according to each model. The four-factor DSM-5 model presented the highest rate (30.6%), and the seven-factor hybrid model presented the lowest rate (17.4%). Similar to the CFA analysis, the inclusion criteria for the diagnosis based on the hybrid model also presented the strongest associations with daily functional impairment, odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% CI [1.25, 1.75]; and adverse childhood experiences, OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.16, 1.82]. Research and clinical implications of these results are discussed, and suggestions for future investigation are presented.
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    Assessing reliability and validity of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale in portuguese adolescents
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Pinto, Ricardo José Martins; Santos, Patrícia Correia; Castro, Maria Vieira de; Jongenelen, Inês Martins; Levendosky, Alytia; Maia, Ângela Rosa da Costa; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
    Objective This study assessed psychometric properties of a self-reported measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adolescents based on DSM-5 criteria–the Child PTSD Symptom Scale–Self Report. We tested the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity. Method The participants were 317 Portuguese adolescents (53% females) between 13 and 17 years old who had experienced at least one traumatic event or one childhood adversity. A subset of the sample (n = 85) completed test-retest measures (interval range between 5 and 7 months). Results Analyses revealed good to excellent internal consistencies, moderate to good agreement test-retest reliability, and good convergent validity. Conclusions Results supported the use of the CPSS-SR-5 scale as a valid and reliable measure for the identification of PTSD symptoms and probable diagnosis according to DSM-5 criteria in Portuguese adolescents.
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    The impact of psychopathology associated with childhood trauma on quality of life in portuguese adolescents: a two-wave longitudinal study
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2021) Pinto, Ricardo José Martins; Castro, Maria Vieira de; Silva, Laura; Jongenelen, Inês Martins; Maia, Ângela Rosa da Costa; Levendosky, Alytia; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the mediating effect of psychopathology between childhood adversity and trauma and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents. The second aim of the study was testing the moderation by social support of this mediation effect. Methods: Self-reports of childhood adversity and trauma, QOL, social support, and psychopathology were collected from 150 Portuguese adolescents' who had been exposed to at least one traumatic event or one childhood adversity (Mage = 16.89, SD = 1.32). The surveys were administered at two time points with an approximate time interval of 1 year. Results: Indirect effects were observed for depression (B = −0.33, CI [−0.62, −0.11]), somatization (B = −0.52, CI [−0.82, −0.23]), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (B = −0.23, CI [−0.45, −0.01]), but not for anxiety (B = 0.20, CI [−0.08, 0.50]). A moderated mediation was found between social support and depression (B = −0.10, CI [−16, −0.04]), and PTSS (B = 0.03, CI [−0.1, −0.05]), but not for somatization (B = −0.02, CI [−0.8, 0.05]). Conclusions: We found that depression and somatization were strong mediators of the relationship between adversity/trauma and QOL, whereas PTSS was moderately mediated this relationship. Anxiety did not mediate this relationship. The moderated-mediation effect of social support was only found for depression and PTSS. The improvement of QOL in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity and trauma should include the assessment of psychopathology symptoms and social support, with the aim of identifying risk and protective factors.
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    Shelter versus living with abusive partner : differences among mothers and children exposed to intimate partner violence
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Pinto, Ricardo José Martins; Lamela, Diogo; Mendes, Clara Maria Faria Simães; Levendosky, Alytia; Jongenelen, Inês Martins; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
    Objectives A growing body of literature has examined differences in the mental health and social support of abused women living in shelters compared with women from the community. However, less attention has been given to the differential effects of living in shelters and living with abusive partner in both mothers and children. A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine differences on cortisol awakening response (CAR), depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms, and social support in a Portuguese sample of women living in shelter compared to women living with abusive partner. Mothers also reported on their children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Methods The sample included 162 mothers and their children (4–10 years of age), of whom 81 were living with the abusive partner and 81 were living in shelters. Results After adjusting for covariates, mothers living in shelters showed better psychological, physiological and social functioning. In contrast, children living in shelters displayed higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms compared with children living at home with their mothers and abusive partners. Conclusions This study suggests that for women, shelter residence may be helpful for mental health and for significant improvements in perceived social support, but for children, the results seem to suggest that they are not benefiting from the time they spend at shelter. Future studies using samples from women in shelters need to evaluate if the services offered are suitable for children’s needs.
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    Typologies of intimate partner violence-maternal parenting and children’s externalizing problems : the moderating effect of the exposure to other forms of family violence
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2018-07) Lamela, Diogo; Jongenelen, Inês Martins; Pinto, Ricardo José Martins; Levendosky, Alytia; HEI-LAB (FCT) - Digital Laboratories for Environments and Human Interactions
    Typologies of IPV and parenting practices in mothers who experienced police-reported IPV remain surprisingly unexplored, in addition to how those typologies are linked with children's externalizing problems. Using data from 162 Portuguese mother-child dyads with a police or child protection services referral of IPV, this study aimed to: (a) identify IPV-parenting typologies; (b) test the associations between typologies and children's externalizing problems, and (c) examine the moderating effect of children's exposure to other forms of family violence in those associations. Using a person-centered approach, two IPV-parenting typologies were found: a spillover typology, with high levels of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and high levels of harsh and inconsistent parenting practices; and a compartmentalized typology, with high levels of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and lower ineffective parenting practices. Results also showed that externalizing symptoms (reported by mothers and teachers) were significantly lower in children of mothers in the compartmentalized typology compared to those in the spillover typology. Children's direct exposure to other forms of family violence moderated this association. Findings suggested that children with a high exposure to other forms of family violence showed the highest levels of externalizing problems when their mothers were classified into the spillover typology, and they exhibited the lowest levels of externalizing problems when their mothers were classified in the compartmentalized typology