O aperfeiçoamento técnico do corpo no imaginário da I República : a Ginástica da Educação Cívica. A Educação Cívica da Ginástica
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2009
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
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A situação política europeia e a deflagração da 1ª guerra Mundial contribuíram para o
crescente peso da instituição militar na formação cívica dos cidadãos reabilitando o heroísmo
guerreiro e evidenciando a necessidade de fortificar a saúde a coragem pela educação física e pela
higiene.
Este novo imaginário, no qual se inscrevem as Sociedades de Instrução Militar Preparatória
(SIMP), trouxe novas exigências. Educar a juventude segundo os valores da sociedade emergente,
colocou-se como um novo imperativo. Este trabalho foi assegurado pelas tecnologias de poder a
que Michel Foucault chamou disciplinas. Neste processo, temos a destacar o corpo como principal
foco de disciplinar a mente.
O corpo nas SIMP fica sujeito a um aperfeiçoamento técnico de acordo com o novo
imaginário social. A construção da identidade pelas SIMP encontra terreno fértil nesse novo
objecto cultural que é o corpo. É aí que se vai inscrever a nova identidade que se pretende
projectar. No corpo vai-se materializar todo o universo simbólico deste processo de construção
histórica. Os corpos não são objectos naturais, neutros, a-históricos, pelo contrário, transportam
códigos identitários através dos seus gestos, do seu porte, da sua aparência, das suas capacidades,
quer dizer, das suas marcas, servindo para demarcar simbolicamente o grupo de pertença. MerleauPonty obriga-nos a pensar o corpo para além do tradicional dualismo cartesiano.
Este novo poder da SIMP atravessa o corpo e faz dele um novo objecto de saber. Este
novo poder e saber impregnam-se nos corpos e gravam-se nas consciências. Com a nossa
comunicação pretendemos analisar estas novas sensibilidades, como estas novas disposições da
consciência vão servir para as pessoas se situarem no mundo social, ensinando-as a preferir.
The European political situation and the outbreak of the World War I contributed to the growing weight of the military institution in the civic training of citizens, thus rehabilitating the heroism warrior and highlighting the need to fortify the courage for the physical education health and for hygiene. This new imagery, which includes the Preparatory Military Instruction Societies (PMIS), has brought new demands. To educate the youth according to the values of the emerging society a new imperative demand was needed. Such work was provided by the technologies of power that Michel Foucault called "disciplines". In this process, we emphasize the body as the main focus of disciplining the mind. In the Preparatory Military Instruction Societies (PMIS) the body is subject to a technical development under the new social imagery. The construction of the identity by the PMIS finds a fertile ground in this new cultural object that is the body. It is there where the new identity is projected. It is the body that materializes all the symbolic universe of this historic process of construction. The bodies are not natural, neutral and a-historic objects, on the contrary, they carry identity codes through their gestures, size, appearance, their capabilities, that is to say, through their marks, serving symbolically in order to demarcate the group of belonging. Merleau-Ponty obliges us to believe the body beyond the traditional cartesian dualism. This new power of the PMIS goes through the body and makes him the new subject to learn. This new power and knowledge impregnate the bodies and record in consciences. In our communication we want to examine these new sensitivities, for these new provisions will serve to awareness people of their place in the social world, teaching them how to choose.
The European political situation and the outbreak of the World War I contributed to the growing weight of the military institution in the civic training of citizens, thus rehabilitating the heroism warrior and highlighting the need to fortify the courage for the physical education health and for hygiene. This new imagery, which includes the Preparatory Military Instruction Societies (PMIS), has brought new demands. To educate the youth according to the values of the emerging society a new imperative demand was needed. Such work was provided by the technologies of power that Michel Foucault called "disciplines". In this process, we emphasize the body as the main focus of disciplining the mind. In the Preparatory Military Instruction Societies (PMIS) the body is subject to a technical development under the new social imagery. The construction of the identity by the PMIS finds a fertile ground in this new cultural object that is the body. It is there where the new identity is projected. It is the body that materializes all the symbolic universe of this historic process of construction. The bodies are not natural, neutral and a-historic objects, on the contrary, they carry identity codes through their gestures, size, appearance, their capabilities, that is to say, through their marks, serving symbolically in order to demarcate the group of belonging. Merleau-Ponty obliges us to believe the body beyond the traditional cartesian dualism. This new power of the PMIS goes through the body and makes him the new subject to learn. This new power and knowledge impregnate the bodies and record in consciences. In our communication we want to examine these new sensitivities, for these new provisions will serve to awareness people of their place in the social world, teaching them how to choose.
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EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCATION, EDUCAÇÃO CÍVICA, CIVIC EDUCATION, I REPÚBLICA, FIRST PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, GINÁSTICA, GYMNASTICS