Avaliação do risco nutricional em idosos utentes de uma residência sénior: um estudo de caso
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Data
2021
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Os idosos apresentam apetite e gasto energético reduzidos, e a possível desnutrição está relacionada com o declínio nas funções biológicas e fisiológicas, assim como com as suas consequências. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar o estado nutricional e o risco de desnutrição em idosos institucionalizados numa residência sénior. Foi realizada uma análise observacional transversal, entre fevereiro e março de 2019, numa residência sénior privada, na qual foi aplicado o Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) completo. Do total de 45 participantes, 5 indivíduos (11,1%) apresentaram um estado nutricional adequado, 18 apresentaram desnutrição (40,0%) e 22 estavam sob risco (48,9%). A desnutrição estava relacionada com uma diminuição da ingestão alimentar nos últimos 3 meses (p=0,015) ou com o facto de terem passado por algum tipo de stress psicológico ou doença aguda no mesmo período de tempo (p=0,023). Também se encontrou uma maior prevalência de desnutrição em indivíduos acamados ou em cadeiras de rodas (p<0,001), assim como em pacientes com demência grave (p=0,010), com presença de lesões na pele ou escaras (p=0,006), perda de peso nos últimos 3 meses (p=0,003), e consumo <3 copos de líquidos/dia (p=0,017). Como conclusão, nesta residência verificamos que os valores de desnutrição e de risco de desnutrição são elevados, evidenciando a necessidade de uma intervenção nutricional. Palavras-chave: Avaliação nutricional, Desnutrição, Estado nutricional, Idosos
Elderly adults have reduced appetite and energy expenditure, and possible malnutrition is related to the decline in biological and physiological functions, as well as its consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and malnutrition risk in elderly adults living in a senior residence. A cross-sectional observational analysis was carried out between February and March 2019 in a private senior residence in which the complete Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was applied. It was observed that of the total of 45 participants, 5 individuals had a normal nutritional status, 18 had malnutrition and 22 were at risk. Malnutrition was related to a decrease in intake in the last 3 months (p=0.015) or to the fact that they experienced some type of psychological stress or acute illness in the same period (p=0.023). A higher incidence of malnutrition was also found in bedridden individuals or those in wheelchairs (p<0.001), as well as in patients with severe dementia (p=0.010), with the presence of skin lesions or bedsores (p=0.006), weight loss in the previous 3 months (p=0.003), and decreased fluid consumption (p=0.017). In conclusion, in this residence we verified that the malnutrition and malnutrition risk values are high, highlighting the need for nutritional intervention. Keywords: Elderly adults, Malnutrition, Nutrition assessment, Nutritional status
Elderly adults have reduced appetite and energy expenditure, and possible malnutrition is related to the decline in biological and physiological functions, as well as its consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and malnutrition risk in elderly adults living in a senior residence. A cross-sectional observational analysis was carried out between February and March 2019 in a private senior residence in which the complete Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was applied. It was observed that of the total of 45 participants, 5 individuals had a normal nutritional status, 18 had malnutrition and 22 were at risk. Malnutrition was related to a decrease in intake in the last 3 months (p=0.015) or to the fact that they experienced some type of psychological stress or acute illness in the same period (p=0.023). A higher incidence of malnutrition was also found in bedridden individuals or those in wheelchairs (p<0.001), as well as in patients with severe dementia (p=0.010), with the presence of skin lesions or bedsores (p=0.006), weight loss in the previous 3 months (p=0.003), and decreased fluid consumption (p=0.017). In conclusion, in this residence we verified that the malnutrition and malnutrition risk values are high, highlighting the need for nutritional intervention. Keywords: Elderly adults, Malnutrition, Nutrition assessment, Nutritional status
Descrição
Biomedical and biopharmaceutical research : jornal de investigação biomédica e biofarmacêutica
Palavras-chave
IDOSOS, AVALIAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL, DESNUTRIÇÃO, ELDERLY, NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT, MALNUTRITION, BIOMEDICINA, BIOMEDICINE