Ciudad oculta: Lisboa 1870-1930 - la vivienda obrera
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Data
2010
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
O presente texto apresenta a Vila Operária, enquanto argumento narrativo do facto arquitectónico, procurando aprofundar os meios e modos da sua génese, o entendimento das suas relações tipo-morfológicas e a sistematização das suas características tipológicas. O reconhecimento de uma estrutura compositiva específica induz uma reflexão mais ampla, baseada no intercâmbio entre as práticas vernaculares e eruditas da arquitectura e o modo como estes dois campos se interpenetram no universo específico da arquitectura portuguesa. Apreendida na dimensão de tipo arquitectónico é ainda possível observar a sua adequação a contextos posteriores, relativamente ao âmbito cronológico admitido (Lisboa 1870 -1930). A reflexão efectuada em torno da vila Operária procura estabelecer dois níveis de leitura: O estudo da sua arquitectura entendida como reflexo de uma consciência cultural, num apelo aos valores nacionais (motivado pelas próprias mudanças ocorridas nas políticas europeias apelando à identidade). O estudo crítico da arquitectura, efectuado no intervalo cronológico a que se refere a dissertação (1870-1930) apresenta-se como fundamental para entender o momento contemporâneo da arquitectura portuguesa. Da leitura tipo- morfológica sobre o objecto em questão, ressalta a singularidade do seu enquadramento, relativamente à estrutura urbana em que se insere; sendo no seu carácter marginal e oculto que reside em parte a sua especificidade. Dissimulando a existência das Vilas Operárias, a cidade oitocentista cresce sobre si própria sem alterar o seu fácies exterior. No universo específico da arquitectura portuguesa é ainda sugerido mercê da utilização de um sistema compositivo preciso, o debate entre os campos vernacular e erudito que em território nacional se foram interpenetrando ao longo de vários séculos. Numa perspectiva universal, reconhecida enquanto tipo, a Vila Operária reforça a leitura da arquitectura enquanto organismo vivo.
The present text presents the laborers housing as a narrative of the architectural fact, looking to examine the means and the methods of its genesis, the understanding of its typo-morphological relations and the systemization of its typological characteristics. The recognition of a specific composite structure induces a broader reflection, based on the interchange of vernacular and erudite practices of architecture and the way in which these two fields interpenetrate themselves in the specific universe of Portuguese architecture. Furthermore, understood in the dimension of architectural type, it is possible to observe its suitability in subsequent contexts, relative to the aforementioned chronological period (Lisbon 1870-1930). The study of its architecture understood as a reflection of a cultural conscience, in an appeal to national values (motivated by the changes which occurred in European policies calling for identity themselves). The critical study of the architecture carried out in the chronological interval to which this dissertation refers (1870-1930) presents itself as fundamental in order to understand the contemporary moment in Portuguese architecture. From the typo-morphological interpretation of the object in question, the uniqueness of its framing stands out, relative to the urban structure in which it is set; it is in its marginal and hidden character that its specificity is partly to be found. Disguising the existence of laborers housing, the 19th century city grows upon itself without altering its exterior face. From a universal perspective, recognized as a type, the laborers housing, reinforces the interpretation of architecture as a living organism. The sensitive form is not what is important to consider separately, but its existence as a necessary passage. Architecture emerges thusly, capable of surviving by adapting itself to all the changes, which are exterior to it, which in each concrete case or typology respond to genetic information of a superior internal order. Its reality is the process of becoming which makes it re-emerge, time and time again.
The present text presents the laborers housing as a narrative of the architectural fact, looking to examine the means and the methods of its genesis, the understanding of its typo-morphological relations and the systemization of its typological characteristics. The recognition of a specific composite structure induces a broader reflection, based on the interchange of vernacular and erudite practices of architecture and the way in which these two fields interpenetrate themselves in the specific universe of Portuguese architecture. Furthermore, understood in the dimension of architectural type, it is possible to observe its suitability in subsequent contexts, relative to the aforementioned chronological period (Lisbon 1870-1930). The study of its architecture understood as a reflection of a cultural conscience, in an appeal to national values (motivated by the changes which occurred in European policies calling for identity themselves). The critical study of the architecture carried out in the chronological interval to which this dissertation refers (1870-1930) presents itself as fundamental in order to understand the contemporary moment in Portuguese architecture. From the typo-morphological interpretation of the object in question, the uniqueness of its framing stands out, relative to the urban structure in which it is set; it is in its marginal and hidden character that its specificity is partly to be found. Disguising the existence of laborers housing, the 19th century city grows upon itself without altering its exterior face. From a universal perspective, recognized as a type, the laborers housing, reinforces the interpretation of architecture as a living organism. The sensitive form is not what is important to consider separately, but its existence as a necessary passage. Architecture emerges thusly, capable of surviving by adapting itself to all the changes, which are exterior to it, which in each concrete case or typology respond to genetic information of a superior internal order. Its reality is the process of becoming which makes it re-emerge, time and time again.
Descrição
Revista Lusófona de Arquitectura e Educação
Palavras-chave
ARQUITETURA, LISBOA, LISBON, ARCHITECTURE, VILAS OPERÁRIAS, COMPANY TOWNS, URBANISMO, URBANISM