Antimicrobial screening of Plectranthus madagascariensis and P. neochilus extracts
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2015
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
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Os produtos naturais são amplamente utilizados como remédios tradicionais e são uma fonte comum de moléculas bioativas para o tratamento de infeções bacterianas. Em particular, algumas plantas do género Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) demonstraram diversas aplicações, incluindo no tratamento de várias infeções. Neste trabalho, foram preparados extratos aquosos, acetónicos e metanólicos de P. madagascariensis e P. neochilus utilizando vários métodos de extração (infusão, decocção, maceração, extração assistida por micro-ondas e por ultrassom e com fluidos no estado supercrítico). Todos os extratos foram testados quanto à atividade antimicrobiana face a bactérias de Gram-positivo (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacillus subtilis e Mycobacterium smegmatis) e de Gram-negativo (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli) e duas estirpes de leveduras (Candida albicans e Saccharomyces cerevisiae). O extrato acetónico de P. madagascariensis obtido pelas técnicas de ultrassom e maceração e o extrato acetónico de P. neochilus obtido pela técnica de ultrassom demonstraram atividade contra as cinco bactérias Gram-positivas testadas (5-24 mm de zona de inibição no teste de difusão). A atividade antimicrobiana foi ainda avaliada pelo método da microdiluição (valores de CMI entre 250-0,49 μg/mL) e pelo ensaio de bioautografia usando o S. aureus. O extrato acetónico de P. madagascariensis foi o mais ativo contra todas as bactérias de Gram positivo testadas (valores de CMI entre 31,25-0,49 μg/ml). Foi também ativo em bactérias resistentes a antibióticos: MRSA e VRE (valores de CMI entre 31,25-0,98 μg/mL). Os ensaios de bioautografia com S. aureus demonstraram que os compostos mais polares são os responsáveis pela sua atividade antimicrobiana.
Natural products are widely used as traditional medicines and are a common source of bioactive molecules for the treatment of bacterial infections. In particular, some plants of the genus Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) have demonstrated several applications, including the treatment of various infections. In this work, aqueous, acetonic and methanolic extracts of P. madagascariensis and P. neochilus were prepared using several extraction methods (infusion, decoction, maceration, microwave- and ultrasoundassisted and supercritical fluids). All extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium smegmatis) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and two yeast (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains. The P. madagascariensis acetonic extracts obtained using ultrasound and maceration methods and P. neochilus acetonic extract obtained by ultrasound technique showed activity against the five tested Gram positive bacteria (5‒24 mm of inhibition zone using the well diffusion test). The antimicrobial activity was further evaluated by the microdilution method (MIC values were between 250‒0.49 μg/mL) and the bioautography assay against S. aureus. The P. madagascariensis ultrasound acetonic extract was the most active extract against all the tested Gram positive bacteria (MIC values ranged between 31.25 - 0.49 μg/mL). It was also active against resistant MRSA and VRE strains (MIC values ranged between 31.25-0.98 μg/mL). The S. aureus bioautography assay showed that the more polar compounds were the responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
Natural products are widely used as traditional medicines and are a common source of bioactive molecules for the treatment of bacterial infections. In particular, some plants of the genus Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) have demonstrated several applications, including the treatment of various infections. In this work, aqueous, acetonic and methanolic extracts of P. madagascariensis and P. neochilus were prepared using several extraction methods (infusion, decoction, maceration, microwave- and ultrasoundassisted and supercritical fluids). All extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium smegmatis) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and two yeast (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains. The P. madagascariensis acetonic extracts obtained using ultrasound and maceration methods and P. neochilus acetonic extract obtained by ultrasound technique showed activity against the five tested Gram positive bacteria (5‒24 mm of inhibition zone using the well diffusion test). The antimicrobial activity was further evaluated by the microdilution method (MIC values were between 250‒0.49 μg/mL) and the bioautography assay against S. aureus. The P. madagascariensis ultrasound acetonic extract was the most active extract against all the tested Gram positive bacteria (MIC values ranged between 31.25 - 0.49 μg/mL). It was also active against resistant MRSA and VRE strains (MIC values ranged between 31.25-0.98 μg/mL). The S. aureus bioautography assay showed that the more polar compounds were the responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
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MEDICAMENTOS, FITOQUÍMICA, ANTIMICROBIANOS, EXPERIÊNCIAS LABORATORIAIS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM NATURAL, FARMACOLOGIA, PLANTAS MEDICINAIS, MEDICINAL PLANTS, DRUGS, PLANT CHEMISTRY, ANTIMICROBIAL, LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, PHARMACOLOGY, NATURAL PRODUCTS
Citação
Pereira , M , Matias , D , Pereira , F , Reis , C P , Simões , M F & Rijo , P 2015 , ' Antimicrobial screening of Plectranthus madagascariensis and P. neochilus extracts ' , Default journal .