Métodos para avaliação da penetração cutânea de filtros solares orgânicos: uma revisão
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Data
2023
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Protetores solares são cosméticos amplamente usados atualmente, visto que
a população tem se conscientizado cada vez mais dos danos que a radiação
ultravioleta causa na pele, como envelhecimento precoce e câncer de pele.
Porém os filtros solares podem ser tóxicos ao organismo quando penetram
na pele. Para que sejam eficazes, os filtros solares precisam se depositar nas
camadas mais externas do estrato córneo, pois sua penetração até a derme
pode proporcionar efeitos sistêmicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma
revisão de publicações no período dos anos 2000 a 2020, agrupando estudos
de penetração de filtros solares. Neste contexto, destaca-se o uso de métodos
in vitro e in vivo que avaliaram a penetração destes, como a técnica de tape
stripping e o sistema de difusão de célula de Franz, que combinadas a métodos
analíticos como cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e espectrofotometria,
permitiram traçar um perfil da penetração dessas substâncias e elucidar fatores
que interferem na sua penetração. Ademais, estudos vêm sendo realizados
com estratégias de veiculação que visam encapsular as moléculas de filtros
solares, e/ou alterar suas características físico-químicas, visando aumento da
eficácia e segurança do usuário. Palavras-chave: Célula de Franz; filtros solares; penetração cutanea; tape stripping
Sunscreens are currently considered cosmetic assets and their use has considerably increased since consumers have become greatly aware of the damages induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin, such as premature aging and cancer. However, concerns have arisen over the percutaneous absorption of UV filters. In order to ensure both efficacy and safety, sunscreens need to remain in the outermost layers of the stratum corneum, because their penetration into the dermis can cause systemic effects. Herein, a review was conducted of specialized literature published between 2000 to 2020, clustering studies focused on the skin penetration of UV filters. In this context, different in vitro and in vivo methodologies employed to assess the penetration of such compounds are highlighted, such as those based on tape stripping and diffusion cells. When combined with analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, it is possible to trace a profile of the penetration of UV filters and elucidate factors that interfere with this phenomenon. Moreover, studies have been carried out on dissemination strategies that aim to encapsulate the molecules of UV filters, and/or change their physicochemical characteristics, in effort to increase the efficacy and safety of these formulations. Keywords: Franz cell; sunscreens; percutaneous penetration; tape stripping
Sunscreens are currently considered cosmetic assets and their use has considerably increased since consumers have become greatly aware of the damages induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin, such as premature aging and cancer. However, concerns have arisen over the percutaneous absorption of UV filters. In order to ensure both efficacy and safety, sunscreens need to remain in the outermost layers of the stratum corneum, because their penetration into the dermis can cause systemic effects. Herein, a review was conducted of specialized literature published between 2000 to 2020, clustering studies focused on the skin penetration of UV filters. In this context, different in vitro and in vivo methodologies employed to assess the penetration of such compounds are highlighted, such as those based on tape stripping and diffusion cells. When combined with analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, it is possible to trace a profile of the penetration of UV filters and elucidate factors that interfere with this phenomenon. Moreover, studies have been carried out on dissemination strategies that aim to encapsulate the molecules of UV filters, and/or change their physicochemical characteristics, in effort to increase the efficacy and safety of these formulations. Keywords: Franz cell; sunscreens; percutaneous penetration; tape stripping
Descrição
Biomedical and biopharmaceutical research : jornal de investigação biomédica e biofarmacêutica
Palavras-chave
CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, PROTETORES SOLARES, SUNSCREENING AGENTS, PELE, SKIN