Reformismo pedagógico, utilitarismo y nacionalismo en las escuelas primarias de la Argentina durante la crisis de 1930
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2019
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
A crise económica internacional teve o seu maior impacto na Argentina em 1932. Os seus efeitos perduraram por mais de uma década. A crise fiscal afetou o financiamento da educação pública, que predominou na educação primária. Esta conjuntura complexa teve efeitos de transformação em termos de organização escolar, originando a coexistência de práticas educativas heterogéneas. O Conselho Nacional de Educação, um órgão colegial composto por intelectuais e funcionários de diferentes filiações políticas, desenvolveu uma reforma moderada do currículo e das práticas de ensino, associando de maneira eclética a filosofia espiritualista, a psicologia experimental, a renovação da escola ativa e a propaganda patriótica. A orientação desta transformação educativa era nacionalista e utilitária, tentando resolver os problemas da vida cotidiana, reforçando, ao mesmo tempo, a integração e a adaptação sociais. Alguns dos seus instrumentos pedagógicos e didáticos foram consolidados pela sua eficiência e permaneceram em vigor durante décadas. Este artigo analisa a natureza e os objectivos desta reforma, bem como as práticas que pretende implementar. A abordagem metodológica enquadra-se na história cultural, na microhistória e na história prosopográfica
The international economic crisis had its greatest impact in Argentina in 1932. Its effects remained present for more than a decade. The fiscal crisis affected the financing of public education, which was predominant in primary education. This complex conjuncture had transformative effects in terms of school organization, resulting in a coexistence of heterogeneous educational proposals and practices. The National Council of Education, a collegiate body composed of intellectuals and officials of different political extraction, developed a moderate reform of the curriculum and educational practices, which combined in an eclectic way the spiritualist philosophy, experimental psychology, the renovation of active school and the patriotic propaganda. The orientation of this educational transformation was nationalistic and utilitarian, seeking to solve daily life problems at the same time as strengthening social adaptation and integration. Some of its pedagogical and didactic instruments were consolidated for their effectiveness and remained in force for decades. This article analyzes the nature and purposes of this reform as well as the practices it sought to install. The methodological approach is framed in cultural history, microhistory and prosopographic history.
The international economic crisis had its greatest impact in Argentina in 1932. Its effects remained present for more than a decade. The fiscal crisis affected the financing of public education, which was predominant in primary education. This complex conjuncture had transformative effects in terms of school organization, resulting in a coexistence of heterogeneous educational proposals and practices. The National Council of Education, a collegiate body composed of intellectuals and officials of different political extraction, developed a moderate reform of the curriculum and educational practices, which combined in an eclectic way the spiritualist philosophy, experimental psychology, the renovation of active school and the patriotic propaganda. The orientation of this educational transformation was nationalistic and utilitarian, seeking to solve daily life problems at the same time as strengthening social adaptation and integration. Some of its pedagogical and didactic instruments were consolidated for their effectiveness and remained in force for decades. This article analyzes the nature and purposes of this reform as well as the practices it sought to install. The methodological approach is framed in cultural history, microhistory and prosopographic history.
Descrição
Revista Lusófona de Educação
Palavras-chave
EDUCAÇÃO, NACIONALISMO, REFORMAS EDUCATIVAS, PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS, POLÍTICA EDUCATIVA, EDUCATION, NATIONALISM, EDUCATION REFORMS, PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES, EDUCATIONAL POLICY
Citação
Ascolani , A 2019 , ' Reformismo pedagógico, utilitarismo y nacionalismo en las escuelas primarias de la Argentina durante la crisis de 1930 ' , Revista Lusófona de Educação .