Percorrer por autor "Marques, Pedro Carmona"

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    Analyzing the attractiveness of Businesses to receive Investments for a creative and innovative transition to a circular economy: the case of the textile and fashion industry
    (MDPI, 2023-04-13) Silva, Wesley Douglas Oliveira; Fontana, Marcele Elisa; Almeida, Bianca; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Vidal, Raphaela; Faculdade de Engenharia
    Excessive and often compulsive consumption has given the textile–fashion industry the reputation of being one of the industries causing the most pollution in today’s world. For this reason, there is a necessity for a transition from a linear to a circular approach in the textile–fashion industry. However, this is not an easy task, especially when considering the investments that must be made to put a circular economy structure into practice. In this sense, the transition to a circular economy in the textile–fashion industry presents a unique opportunity for businesses to attract investments to support this transition by leveraging creativity and innovation to reduce waste, minimize resource consumption, and increase the longevity of products and materials. Therefore, this study sets out to develop a multicriteria decision support model to measure the attractiveness of businesses to receive investments that aim at aiding the transition to the circular economy. The model uses the “play card” from Simos’ procedure and the Normalize software that provide a comprehensive, consistent, and transparent approach to decision making, which can help investors to evaluate the attractiveness of investment opportunities and identify businesses that have the potential for long-term success in the circular economy. Hence, catalyzing and obstructing factors of the circular economy discussed in the literature were selected to underpin the analysis model and to draw up robust investment recommendations to the investors. In addition to the scientific contributions of the model, indications are also provided to the private sector, public policy makers, and society on how sustainability can be driven by the circular economy.
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    Application of Monte-Carlo Simulation towards a better understanding of Bayes´ Theorem in Engineering Education
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2022) Assis, Rui; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Vidal, Raphaela; Faculdade de Engenharia
    Bayes' Theorem (BT) is treated in probability theory and statistics. The BT shows how to change the probabilities a priori in view of new evidence, to obtain probabilities a posteriori. With the Bayesian interpretation of probability, the BT is expressed as the probability of an event (or the degree of belief in the occurrence of an event) should be changed, after considering evidence about the occurrence of that event. Bayesian inference is fundamental to Bayesian statistics. An example of practical application of this theorem in Health Systems is to consider the existence of false positives and false negatives in diagnoses. At the Academy, the theme of BT is exposed almost exclusively in its analytical form. With this article, the authors intend to contribute to clarify the logic behind this theorem, and get students better understanding of its important fields of application, using three methods: the classic analytical (Bayesian inference), the frequentist (frequency inference) and the numerical simulation of Monte-Carlo. Thus, it intends to explain BT on a practical and friendly way that provides understanding to students avoiding memorizing the formulas. We provide a spreadsheet that is accessible to any professor. Moreover, we highlight the methodology could be extended to other topics. Author Keywords. Bayes, Monte-Carlo Simulation, False Positives, False Negatives, Engineering Education,Computation
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    Building sustainable creativity: a conceptual framework
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de Engenharia
    Climate change, limited energy resources and population growth raise questions about sustainability and decisions for future generations. There is a need to contribute to a more sustainable world. This can be achieved with the use of creativity in, for example, product lifecycle management. Built on the literature about creativity and sustainability, a conceptual framework of sustainable creativity is proposed on the integration of the fields. The proposed framework is an attempt to the creation of sustainable concepts and includes the domains of “decomposition” and “integration” where the problem-, idea-, and concept-space are built on. Feedback loops are analysed and discussed as an important part of any radical/incremental product/service development within lifecycle management activities.
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    Comparing Freshman and doctoral engineering students in design: mapping with a descriptive framework
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019-07-29) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de Engenharia
    This paper reports the results of a study of engineering students’ approaches to an open-ended design problem. To carry out this, sketches and interviews were collected from 9 freshmen (first year) and 10 doctoral engineering students, when they designed solutions for orange squeezers. Sketches and interviews were analysed and mapped with a descriptive ‘ideation framework’ (IF) of the design process, to document and compare their design creativity (Carmona Marques, P., A. Silva, E. Henriques, and C. Magee. 2014. “A Descriptive Framework of the Design Process from a Dual Cognitive Engineering Perspective.” International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation 2 (3): 142–164). The results show that the designers worked in a manner largely consistent with the IF for generalisation and specialisation loops. Also, doctoral students produced more alternative solutions during the ideation process. In addition, compared to freshman, doctoral used the generalisation loop of the IF, working at higher levels of abstraction. The iterative nature of design is highlighted during this study – a potential contribution to decrease the gap between both groups in engineering education.
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    Computational Programming as a Tool in the Teaching of Electromagnetism in Engineering Courses: Improving the Notion of Field
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Nogueira, João; Alves, Ricardo Gaio; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da Informação
    In this study we have attempted, firstly, to describe programming protocols developed for the teaching of an Electromagnetism course in the university degrees of Electrical Engineering and Energy Engineering, and secondly, to evaluate students’ satisfaction with the simulation practices through MATLAB®programming. The main objective of the protocols is to allow students to model and visualize the electric field and magnetic field (both static) and understand the approximation that is made when considering certain distributions of electric charges and electric currents. To evaluate the usefulness of this computational methodology, eighteen students from the two engineering degrees answered a questionnaire with seven questions related to the Electromagnetism course and to the benefits of using computer programming. Their answers are measured by a Likert scale. From the analysis of the results, we can conclude, in a general way, that the use of this methodology has positive effects in the learning of Electromagnetism in these two degrees.
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    A descriptive framework of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de Engenharia
    This article proposes a new descriptive framework, which we label as the “ideation framework” (IF), of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective, partly based on existing frameworks from both fields and previous work by the author. The framework is for the ideation or front-end phase of the product development process, representing the interface between cognitive psychology and engineering design. Three domains – inspiration, decomposition, and integration – and three spaces – problem-space, idea-space, and concept-space – are the elements of the framework. The iterative flow of the engineering design process passes through the three domains in a semi-controlled way, through a sequence of specialization and generalization process loops in and between the spaces. An empirical descriptive examination of the ideation process is performed using designers with limited design experience. The designers were faced with a design problem that they had to solve in a limited period of time. Their designs were analyzed, and a post-exercise interview was done to uncover each of the participants’ design process. The empirical work indicates these designers worked in a manner largely consistent with the IF.
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    Dissimilar Metals LaserWelding between DP1000 Steel and Aluminum Alloy 1050
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Pereira, António; Cabrinha, Ana; Rocha, Fábio; Fernandes, Fábio A. O.; Sousa, Ricardo; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da Informação
    The welding of dissimilar metals was carried out using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser to join DP1000 steel and an aluminum alloy 1050 H111. Two sheets of each metal, with 30 14 1 mm3, were lap welded, since butt welding proved to be nearly impossible due to the huge thermal conductivity differences and melting temperature differences of these materials. The aim of this research was to find the optimal laser welding parameters based on the mechanical and microstructure investigations. Thus, the welded samples were then subjected to tensile testing to evaluate the quality of the joining operation. The best set of welding parameters was replicated, and the welding joint obtained using these proper parameters was carefully analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Despite the predicted difficulties of welding two distinct metals, good quality welded joints were achieved. Additionally, some samples performed satisfactorily well in the mechanical tests, reaching tensile strengths close to the original 1050 aluminum alloy.
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    Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage : a monte carlo simulation method
    (De Gruyter Open Access, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Assis, R.; Vidal, R.; Santos, J. Oliveira; Faculdade de Engenharia
    This article describes how to reach an item's threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be retrieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quantities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this way a simple and effective decision-making framework.
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    Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage: a Monte Carlo simulation method
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Assis, Rui; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Santos, José Oliveira; Vidal, Raphaela; Faculdade de Engenharia
    This article describes how to reach an item’s threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be re 5 trieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quan tities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled 10 orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this 15 way a simple and effective decision-making. KEYWORDS: Decision-making ; Economical Optimization ; Monte-Carlo Simulation ; Stochastic Process
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    Integrating Innovation and Technology: A Case Study
    (The Society of Systematic Innovation, 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Silva, Arlindo; Henriques, Elsa; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da Informação
    This paper explores a successful case of a product-service system (PSS). To meet the requirements of the client's needs and the existence of many technologies, business models and innovations involved in its conception and development, a conceptual framework of the ideation process is purposed to explain how the company met the requirements of such technical complexity, adding value to customers, stakeholders, and the company itself. Cases found in the development and implementation phase of the PSS displays the correspondence between the proposed framework and the case study. Furthermore, a relationship between creativity and systems' architecture is explored.
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    A model for fostering creativity in the product development process
    (Taylor and Francis, 2021-02) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de Engenharia
    The present paper illustrates a pilot experiment in which a new model for fostering creativity in the product development process is tested with novice engineers. After introducing creativity in the field of product development, the current author presents the new standard. The theoretical background that embodies the new model is presented, based on relevant literature. Making use of the new model, a methodology for testing it, using novice engineers is then proposed. It relies on the comparison between novices that were trained in the model in comparison to other novices that were not trained in the model. Higher results for creativity achieved by novice engineers that have employed the model show the advantages of its application during product development activities
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    Pulsed laser welding between DP1000 steel and aluminum alloy 1050
    (2021) Pereira, António B.; Cabrinha, Ana; Rocha, Fábio; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Fernandes, Fábio A. O.; Sousa, Ricardo J. Alves de; Faculdade de Engenharia
    The welding of dissimilar metals was carried out using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser to join DP1000 steel and an aluminum alloy 1050 H111. Two sheets of each metal, with 30 × 14 × 1 mm3, were lap welded, since butt welding proved to be nearly impossible due to the huge thermal conductivity differences and melting temperature differences of these materials. The aim of this research was to find the optimal laser welding parameters based on the mechanical and microstructure investigations. Thus, the welded samples were then subjected to tensile testing to evaluate the quality of the joining operation. The best set of welding parameters was replicated, and the welding joint obtained using these proper parameters was carefully analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Despite the predicted difficulties of welding two distinct metals, good quality welded joints were achieved. Additionally, some samples performed satisfactorily well in the mechanical tests, reaching tensile strengths close to the original 1050 aluminum alloy. The possibility to effectively join high strength dual-phase steels with a soft, ductile 1XXX aluminum alloy opens a new range of design possibilities and attests the versatility of laser-type welding operations. The authors hope that this study can serve as a sounding base for any other future work in this area.
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    A Survey on Sustainable Product Development
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019) Marques, Pedro Carmona; Charmier, Maria Adília Januário; Santos, José Oliveira; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da Informação
    The emergent field of sustainable product development has been rapidly evolving in several academic publications. Furthermore, sustainable product development is the basis for innovative products (and services). The analysis begins by identifying published studies within the last five years. A systematic mapping of the field evolution overtime is performed by identifying areas of current research interests and potential directions for future research. The findings will provide a roadmap for further investigations in this field.
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    Where are smart cities heading? A meta-review and guidelines for future research
    (Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2022) Reis, João Carlos Gonçalves dos; Marques, Pedro Alexandre; Marques, Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de Engenharia
    (1) Background: Smart cities have been gaining attention in the community, both among researchers and professionals. Although this field of study is gaining some maturity, no academic manuscript yet offers a unique holistic view of the phenomenon. In fact, the existing systematic reviews make it possible to gather solid and relevant knowledge, but still dispersed; (2) Method: through a meta-review it was possible to provide a set of data, which allows the dissemination of the main theoretical and managerial contributions to enthusiasts and critics of the area; (3) Results: this research identified the most relevant topics for smart cities, namely, smart city dimensions, digital transformation, sustainability and resilience. In addition, this research emphasizes that the natural sciences have dominated scientific production, with greater attention being paid to megacities of developed nations. Recent empirical research also suggests that it is crucial to overcome key cybersecurity and privacy challenges in smart cities; (4) Conclusions: research on smart cities can be performed as multidisciplinary studies of small and medium-sized cities in developed or underdeveloped countries. Furthermore, future research should highlight the role played by cybersecurity in the development of smart cities and analyze the impact of smart city development on the link between the city and its stakeholders.