Percorrer por autor "Marques,Pedro Carmona"
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Item Application of Monte-Carlo Simulation towards a better understanding of Bayes´ Theorem in Engineering Education(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2022) Assis,Rui; Marques,Pedro Carmona; Vidal,Raphaela; Faculdade de EngenhariaBayes' Theorem (BT) is treated in probability theory and statistics. The BT shows how to change the probabilities a priori in view of new evidence, to obtain probabilities a posteriori. With the Bayesian interpretation of probability, the BT is expressed as the probability of an event (or the degree of belief in the occurrence of an event) should be changed, after considering evidence about the occurrence of that event. Bayesian inference is fundamental to Bayesian statistics. An example of practical application of this theorem in Health Systems is to consider the existence of false positives and false negatives in diagnoses. At the Academy, the theme of BT is exposed almost exclusively in its analytical form. With this article, the authors intend to contribute to clarify the logic behind this theorem, and get students better understanding of its important fields of application, using three methods: the classic analytical (Bayesian inference), the frequentist (frequency inference) and the numerical simulation of Monte-Carlo. Thus, it intends to explain BT on a practical and friendly way that provides understanding to students avoiding memorizing the formulas. We provide a spreadsheet that is accessible to any professor. Moreover, we highlight the methodology could be extended to other topics. Author Keywords. Bayes, Monte-Carlo Simulation, False Positives, False Negatives, Engineering Education,ComputationItem Building sustainable creativity: a conceptual framework(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaClimate change, limited energy resources and population growth raise questions about sustainability and decisions for future generations. There is a need to contribute to a more sustainable world. This can be achieved with the use of creativity in, for example, product lifecycle management. Built on the literature about creativity and sustainability, a conceptual framework of sustainable creativity is proposed on the integration of the fields. The proposed framework is an attempt to the creation of sustainable concepts and includes the domains of “decomposition” and “integration” where the problem-, idea-, and concept-space are built on. Feedback loops are analysed and discussed as an important part of any radical/incremental product/service development within lifecycle management activities.Item A descriptive framework of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article proposes a new descriptive framework, which we label as the “ideation framework” (IF), of the design process from a dual cognitive-engineering perspective, partly based on existing frameworks from both fields and previous work by the author. The framework is for the ideation or front-end phase of the product development process, representing the interface between cognitive psychology and engineering design. Three domains – inspiration, decomposition, and integration – and three spaces – problem-space, idea-space, and concept-space – are the elements of the framework. The iterative flow of the engineering design process passes through the three domains in a semi-controlled way, through a sequence of specialization and generalization process loops in and between the spaces. An empirical descriptive examination of the ideation process is performed using designers with limited design experience. The designers were faced with a design problem that they had to solve in a limited period of time. Their designs were analyzed, and a post-exercise interview was done to uncover each of the participants’ design process. The empirical work indicates these designers worked in a manner largely consistent with the IF.Item Dissimilar Metals LaserWelding between DP1000 Steel and Aluminum Alloy 1050(MDPI, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Pereira,António; Cabrinha,Ana; Rocha,Fábio; Fernandes,Fábio A. O.; Sousa,Ricardo; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe welding of dissimilar metals was carried out using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser to join DP1000 steel and an aluminum alloy 1050 H111. Two sheets of each metal, with 30 14 1 mm3, were lap welded, since butt welding proved to be nearly impossible due to the huge thermal conductivity differences and melting temperature differences of these materials. The aim of this research was to find the optimal laser welding parameters based on the mechanical and microstructure investigations. Thus, the welded samples were then subjected to tensile testing to evaluate the quality of the joining operation. The best set of welding parameters was replicated, and the welding joint obtained using these proper parameters was carefully analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Despite the predicted difficulties of welding two distinct metals, good quality welded joints were achieved. Additionally, some samples performed satisfactorily well in the mechanical tests, reaching tensile strengths close to the original 1050 aluminum alloy.Item Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage : a monte carlo simulation method(De Gruyter Open Access, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Assis,R.; Vidal,R.; Santos,J. Oliveira; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article describes how to reach an item's threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be retrieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quantities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this way a simple and effective decision-making framework.Item Economic disposal quantity of leftovers kept in storage: a Monte Carlo simulation method(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Assis,Rui; Marques,Pedro Carmona; Santos,José Oliveira; Vidal,Raphaela; Faculdade de EngenhariaThis article describes how to reach an item’s threshold, or in other words, the limit time for it to be re 5 trieved from stock and sold for a different use, as well as the remaining foreseen period for this situation to occur. Once a minimum length, or weight, is reached, left quan tities are more difficult to sell, as demand often exceeds the remaining parts or leftovers. The number of unfulfilled 10 orders increases, as time goes by, until it becomes further cost effective to dispose the leftover and sell it for a lower price and alternative use. A Monte Carlo simulation model was built in order to consider the randomness of future transactions and quantifying consequences providing this 15 way a simple and effective decision-making. KEYWORDS: Decision-making ; Economical Optimization ; Monte-Carlo Simulation ; Stochastic ProcessItem Integrating Innovation and Technology: A Case Study(The Society of Systematic Innovation, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Silva,Arlindo; Henriques,Elsa; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis paper explores a successful case of a product-service system (PSS). To meet the requirements of the client's needs and the existence of many technologies, business models and innovations involved in its conception and development, a conceptual framework of the ideation process is purposed to explain how the company met the requirements of such technical complexity, adding value to customers, stakeholders, and the company itself. Cases found in the development and implementation phase of the PSS displays the correspondence between the proposed framework and the case study. Furthermore, a relationship between creativity and systems' architecture is explored.Item Integrating Product-Service Systems with New Business Models Definition for Manufacturing Industries(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Faculdade de EngenhariaNowadays, manufacturing companies are pressured to be competitive and innovative. Particularly this concerns the delivery of value to their customers. The assessment of the overall value chain, designed and implemented for a specific product and/or service, should be sustained by new business models (NBM), thus contributing to higher levels of customer satisfaction. Integrated product-services are assuming importance, allowing manufacturing companies to achieve longer and stable relationships with their customers. This requires, among other, organizational changes and novel methodologies for product-service development. In fact, an effective integration allows product-service innovation, which being exploited, contributes significantly to businesses’ competitiveness and sustainability. In this paper, a “roadmap” for NBM definition and implementation is presented, along with a new methodology for Product-Service Systems (PSS) development. Two case studies are used to test both the roadmap and the PSS methodology. As such, this work is expected to contribute to a clear understanding of NBM and their integration in a methodology for PSS.Item Pulsed laser welding between DP1000 steel and aluminum alloy 1050(2021) Pereira,António B.; Cabrinha,Ana; Rocha,Fábio; Marques,Pedro Carmona; Fernandes,Fábio A. O.; Sousa,Ricardo J. Alves de; Faculdade de EngenhariaThe welding of dissimilar metals was carried out using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser to join DP1000 steel and an aluminum alloy 1050 H111. Two sheets of each metal, with 30 × 14 × 1 mm3, were lap welded, since butt welding proved to be nearly impossible due to the huge thermal conductivity differences and melting temperature differences of these materials. The aim of this research was to find the optimal laser welding parameters based on the mechanical and microstructure investigations. Thus, the welded samples were then subjected to tensile testing to evaluate the quality of the joining operation. The best set of welding parameters was replicated, and the welding joint obtained using these proper parameters was carefully analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Despite the predicted difficulties of welding two distinct metals, good quality welded joints were achieved. Additionally, some samples performed satisfactorily well in the mechanical tests, reaching tensile strengths close to the original 1050 aluminum alloy. The possibility to effectively join high strength dual-phase steels with a soft, ductile 1XXX aluminum alloy opens a new range of design possibilities and attests the versatility of laser-type welding operations. The authors hope that this study can serve as a sounding base for any other future work in this area.Item A Survey on Sustainable Product Development(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Marques,Pedro Carmona; Charmier,Maria Adília Januário; Santos,José Oliveira; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe emergent field of sustainable product development has been rapidly evolving in several academic publications. Furthermore, sustainable product development is the basis for innovative products (and services). The analysis begins by identifying published studies within the last five years. A systematic mapping of the field evolution overtime is performed by identifying areas of current research interests and potential directions for future research. The findings will provide a roadmap for further investigations in this field.