O acesso à água na América do Sul e em África, diferenças e semelhanças
Miniatura indisponível
Ficheiros
Data
2009
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Faz-se a análise global do recurso água no mundo tendo presente os ganhos e perdas do ciclo hidrológico. A privação ao seu acesso leva a uma crise silenciosa que condena parte considerável da humanidade a vidas de pobreza, vulnerabilidade e insegurança.
A Água é imprescindível ao Homem para as suas actividades enquanto ser vivo, mas também ao desenvolvimento económico (processos industriais, irrigação, energia, navegação) e manutenção dos ecossistemas.
Há que assegurar que cada indivíduo disponha de acesso
fiável à água a um preço aceitável.
O desregulado crescimento industrial, a indiscriminada utilização de produtos químicos na agricultura, a falta de tratamentos adequados das águas residuais, são factores destabilizadores do ciclo hidrológico.
Por outro lado, a falta ou a existência de inadequadas infraestruturas conduzem a uma gestão perniciosa dos recursos hídricos, quer em termos quantitativos como qualitativos.
Analisam-se ainda os fortes contrastes no domínio hídrico,
quer em África, quer na América do Sul, que vêm provocando dificuldades ao desenvolvimento social e económico dos povos, originando em alguns casos conflitualidades locais e mesmo entre os Países.
Como conclusão, apontam-se alguns dos problemas mais prementes que se verificam nas duas zonas em análise, tais como: a utilização incorrecta da água; inadequados métodos de gestão e de justiça social na sua distribuição; falta de controlo da poluição e do indiscriminado desflorestamento.
A global analysis of the resource water in the world is carried out, taking into account the gains and losses of the hydrologic cycle. Lacking its access brings a silent crisis that condemns a considerable part of Mankind to a life of poverty, vulnerability and unsafety. Water is indispensable to Men, for its activities as a living being, but also to economic development (industrial processes, irrigation, energy, navigation) and for the preservation of ecosystems. One must assure that each individual has a reliable access to water at an acceptable price. The unregulated industrial growths, the indiscriminate use of chemical products in agriculture, the lack of adequate treatment of wastewater are factors that bring instability to the hydrologic cycle. Also the absence or the existence of inadequate infrastructure leads to a pernicious management of the water resources, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. One analyzes also the strong contrast of the water domain, in Africa and in South America, which is bringing difficulties to social and economic development, that, in some cases, originate conflicts, both local and even between countries. As a conclusion, one points out some of the most significant problems that are taking place in those regions, such as: the incorrect water use; the inadequate management and social justice methods in its distribution; the lack of pollution control; and the indiscriminate deforestation.
A global analysis of the resource water in the world is carried out, taking into account the gains and losses of the hydrologic cycle. Lacking its access brings a silent crisis that condemns a considerable part of Mankind to a life of poverty, vulnerability and unsafety. Water is indispensable to Men, for its activities as a living being, but also to economic development (industrial processes, irrigation, energy, navigation) and for the preservation of ecosystems. One must assure that each individual has a reliable access to water at an acceptable price. The unregulated industrial growths, the indiscriminate use of chemical products in agriculture, the lack of adequate treatment of wastewater are factors that bring instability to the hydrologic cycle. Also the absence or the existence of inadequate infrastructure leads to a pernicious management of the water resources, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. One analyzes also the strong contrast of the water domain, in Africa and in South America, which is bringing difficulties to social and economic development, that, in some cases, originate conflicts, both local and even between countries. As a conclusion, one points out some of the most significant problems that are taking place in those regions, such as: the incorrect water use; the inadequate management and social justice methods in its distribution; the lack of pollution control; and the indiscriminate deforestation.
Descrição
Africanologia : Revista Lusófona de Estudos Africanos
Palavras-chave
ÁGUA, ÁFRICA, AMÉRICA DO SUL, WATER, AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA, RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, HYDRIC RESOURCES, ESTUDOS AFRICANOS, ESTUDOS LUSÓFONOS, POLUIÇÃO DAS ÁGUAS, JUSTIÇA SOCIAL, ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA, AFRICAN STUDIES, LUSOPHONE STUDIES, WATER POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION, SOCIAL JUSTICE, WATER SUPPLY