A pandemia e as PME portuguesas : o impacto e a gestão da crise em 2020
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2021
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Tendo como premissa a necessidade de conhecer a forma como as pequenas e médias
empresas (PME) portuguesas, têm gerido o impacto provocado pela Pandemia, a presente
dissertação visou caraterizar o tecido empresarial português formado pelas PME, conhecer as
medidas de apoio disponibilizadas pelo Governo e pela União Europeia (UE), bem como, os
principais constrangimentos ao longo de 2020. Para o efeito estudou-se as diversas pandemias
anteriores, bem como, as últimas crises económicas e financeiras, como meio de aquisição e
consolidação de conhecimentos, identificação de semelhanças e constrangimentos.
A análise efetuada, com base na revisão da literatura, permitiu identificar a situação
da economia portuguesa à data da declaração de pandemia e traçar o percurso que foi
vivenciado. A abordagem quantitativa, suportada em inquérito por questionário construído
especialmente para este estudo e aplicado a uma amostra aleatória de quatrocentas e quinze
PME, permitiu recolher o sentimento da gestão de topo, a forma como geriram a crise, as
medidas de apoio mais valorizadas, as principais expectativas e preocupações. Em termos de
medidas, as moratórias e o layoff simplificado permitiram alguma margem de manobra que
aliada à resiliência das empresas e dos empregadores contribuíram para minimizar um cenário
mais catastrófico em 2020. A gestão da primeira vaga foi mais fácil e teve menos impactos
negativos do que a gestão da segunda vaga, o que é compreensível porque quando a segunda
vaga chegou as empresas estavam mais desgastadas, com 65% dos inquiridos a considerar que
as medidas do governo para apoiar as empresas foram inadequadas. Os setores mais afetados
foram os que não conseguiram recorrer ao teletrabalho, pela sua especificidade do negócio e as
áreas encerradas por imposição legal. Para 37% dos inquiridos em novembro e dezembro de
2020, usufruir dos apoios do Estado é uma prioridade alta e máxima e 34% considera que vai
precisar de um ano para recuperar.
Based on the premise of the need to know how Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have managed the impact caused by Pandemic, this dissertation aimed to characterize the Portuguese business fabric formed by SMEs to know the support measures provided by the Government and the European Union (EU), as well as the main constraints throughout 2020. To this end, the various previous pandemics were studied, as well as the latest economic and financial crises, as a means of acquiring and consolidating knowledge, identifying similarities and constraints. The carried out analysis, based on the literature review, made it possible to identify the situation of the Portuguese economy at the date of the declaration of the pandemic and to trace the path that was experienced. The quantitative approach, supported by a questionnaire survey specially built for this study and applied to a random sample of four hundred and fifteen SMEs, allowed to collect the feeling of top management, the way they managed the crisis, the most valued support measures, the main expectations and concerns. The analysis carried out, based on the literature review, made it possible to identify the state of the Portuguese economy at the declaration's date of the pandemic and trace the path that has been lived. The quantitative approach, supported by a questionnaire directed to this study and applied to a random sample of four hundred and fifteen PME, made it possible to assess the feeling of top management, the way they managed the crisis, the valued support measures, the main expectations and concerns. In terms of measures, the moratoriums and simplified layoff, allowed some space for maneuver which, combined with the resilience of companies and employers, contributed to the minimization of a more catastrophic scenario in 2020.The management of the first wave was easier and with less negative impacts than the second one. This situation is understandable given that, at this stage companies were already worn out, with 65% of the respondents considering that government support measures would have been inappropriate. The sectors most affected were those were unable to resort to teleworking, due to the specific nature of the business and the areas closed by legal imposition. For 37% of the respondents in November and December 2020, enjoying state support is a high and top priority, while 34% consider that they will need a year to recover.
Based on the premise of the need to know how Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have managed the impact caused by Pandemic, this dissertation aimed to characterize the Portuguese business fabric formed by SMEs to know the support measures provided by the Government and the European Union (EU), as well as the main constraints throughout 2020. To this end, the various previous pandemics were studied, as well as the latest economic and financial crises, as a means of acquiring and consolidating knowledge, identifying similarities and constraints. The carried out analysis, based on the literature review, made it possible to identify the situation of the Portuguese economy at the date of the declaration of the pandemic and to trace the path that was experienced. The quantitative approach, supported by a questionnaire survey specially built for this study and applied to a random sample of four hundred and fifteen SMEs, allowed to collect the feeling of top management, the way they managed the crisis, the most valued support measures, the main expectations and concerns. The analysis carried out, based on the literature review, made it possible to identify the state of the Portuguese economy at the declaration's date of the pandemic and trace the path that has been lived. The quantitative approach, supported by a questionnaire directed to this study and applied to a random sample of four hundred and fifteen PME, made it possible to assess the feeling of top management, the way they managed the crisis, the valued support measures, the main expectations and concerns. In terms of measures, the moratoriums and simplified layoff, allowed some space for maneuver which, combined with the resilience of companies and employers, contributed to the minimization of a more catastrophic scenario in 2020.The management of the first wave was easier and with less negative impacts than the second one. This situation is understandable given that, at this stage companies were already worn out, with 65% of the respondents considering that government support measures would have been inappropriate. The sectors most affected were those were unable to resort to teleworking, due to the specific nature of the business and the areas closed by legal imposition. For 37% of the respondents in November and December 2020, enjoying state support is a high and top priority, while 34% consider that they will need a year to recover.
Descrição
Orientação: Eduardo Manuel Machado de Moraes Sarmento Ferreira ; co-orientação: Isabel Maria Gomes Soares de Moura Fernandes
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM ECONOMIA, ECONOMIA, GESTÃO DE CRISES, PANDEMIAS, COVID-19, PROGRAMAS DE APOIO A EMPRESAS, PME, EMPRESAS PORTUGUESAS, CRISIS MANAGEMENT, PANDEMICS, COVID-19, BUSINESS SUPPORT PROGRAMMES, SME, PORTUGUESE COMPANIES, ECONOMY