Bem-estar subjetivo, locus de controlo e autoestima em adultos
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2013
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O objectivo desta investigação é verificar a existência de uma relação de influência ou não entre a autoestima e o locus de controlo relativamente ao bem-estar e, simultaneamente, perceber se estas variáveis serão significativas em relação ao bem-estar subjetivo. Para analisar essa relação, utilizou-se a escala de Satisfação com a Vida (Simões, 2003), a Escala de Afectividade Positiva e Negativa (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b), escala de Locus de Controlo de Rotter (Barros, Barros & Neto, 1993) e a escala de Autoestima Global (M. Rosenberg. Adaptação portuguesa: Faria & Silva 1999). A amostra do estudo é constituída por 184 sujeitos, que se consideram saudáveis e com idades entre os 21 e os 78 anos. Os principais resultados demonstram que há uma correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a autoestima e as dimensões do bem-estar subjetivo, afectividade positiva e a satisfação com a vida. O locus de controlo externo correlacionou-se de forma negativa e estatisticamente significativa com a afectividade positiva e com a satisfação com a vida e de forma positiva e estatisticamente significativa com a afectividade negativa, o que indica que quanto maior a externalidade, menor é a satisfação com a vida e menor a afectividade positiva. Em relação à autoestima, os resultados demonstram que existe uma correlação negativa entre a autoestima e o locus de controlo externo, o que indica que a autoestima se relaciona de forma negativa com o locus de controlo externo. Assim, podemos concluir que pessoas com opiniões positivas sobre si têm mais possibilidades de aumentar o seu bem-estar subjetivo. Por sua vez, pessoas com locus de controlo externo elevado, têm níveis de bem-estar subjetivo mais baixos. Este estudo demonstra que estas variáveis são significativas e apresentam relação com bem-estar subjetivo. A contribuição deste estudo será no sentido de se encontrar mecanismos para aumentar o bem-estar subjetivo.
The goal of this research is to verify the existence or not of a relation of influence between the self-esteem and locus of control related with the well-being, and at the same time, understand if these variables will be significant to the subjective well-being. To analyze this correlation, we used Life Satisfaction Scale (Simões, 2003), the Positive and Negative Affective Scale (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b), the I-E Rotter Scale (Barros, Barros e Neto, 1993) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (M. Rosenberg. Adaptação portuguesa: Faria & Silva 1999).The study sample was composed by 184 individuals, that consider themselves healthy and with ages raging between 21 and 78 years old. The main results demonstrate that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between the self-esteem and the dimensions of the subjective well-being, positive affectivity and life satisfaction. The external locus of control correlated negatively and with statistic significance, with the positive affectivity and life satisfaction, and the external locus of control correlated positively and with statistic significance with the negative affectivity. This indicates that the highest the externality, the lower is the satisfaction with life, and smaller the positive affectivity. Regarding the self-esteem, the results show that there is a negative relation between self-esteem and the external locus of control, which indicates that self-esteem correlated negatively with the external locus of control. In this way, we can conclude that people with positive opinions about themselves have a higher possibility to increase subjective well-being. On the other hand, people with high external locus of control have lower levels of subjective well-being. This study demonstrates that these variables are significant and interact directly with the subjective well-being. The major contribution of this research will be to find the proper mechanisms to increase subjective well-being.
The goal of this research is to verify the existence or not of a relation of influence between the self-esteem and locus of control related with the well-being, and at the same time, understand if these variables will be significant to the subjective well-being. To analyze this correlation, we used Life Satisfaction Scale (Simões, 2003), the Positive and Negative Affective Scale (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b), the I-E Rotter Scale (Barros, Barros e Neto, 1993) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (M. Rosenberg. Adaptação portuguesa: Faria & Silva 1999).The study sample was composed by 184 individuals, that consider themselves healthy and with ages raging between 21 and 78 years old. The main results demonstrate that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between the self-esteem and the dimensions of the subjective well-being, positive affectivity and life satisfaction. The external locus of control correlated negatively and with statistic significance, with the positive affectivity and life satisfaction, and the external locus of control correlated positively and with statistic significance with the negative affectivity. This indicates that the highest the externality, the lower is the satisfaction with life, and smaller the positive affectivity. Regarding the self-esteem, the results show that there is a negative relation between self-esteem and the external locus of control, which indicates that self-esteem correlated negatively with the external locus of control. In this way, we can conclude that people with positive opinions about themselves have a higher possibility to increase subjective well-being. On the other hand, people with high external locus of control have lower levels of subjective well-being. This study demonstrates that these variables are significant and interact directly with the subjective well-being. The major contribution of this research will be to find the proper mechanisms to increase subjective well-being.
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Orientação: José Brites e co-orientação: Fernando Branco
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PSICOLOGIA, BEM-ESTAR SUBJETIVO, LOCUS DE CONTROLO, AUTOESTIMA, PSYCHOLOGY, SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING, LOCUS OF CONTROL, SELF-ESTEEM, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, ACONSELHAMENTO E PSICOTERAPIAS