Impact of (poly)phenol supplementation on TNF-α concentration in healthy adults

Abstract

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a relevant risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus [1]. (Poly)phenols, plant-derived bioactive compounds, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. Although most studies on metabolic inflammation focus on populations diagnosed with diabetes or at high metabolic risk, it is also essential to understand the effects of nutritional interventions in healthy individuals [2]. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of 12 weeks of an ellagitannin supplement derived from pomegranate (EPS – Ellagitannins Pomegranate Supplement) on plasma TNF-α levels of individuals without diabetes. Forty-five volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups: supplement (n=24) and placebo (n=21). TNF-α concentrations were quantified by ELISA at baseline and at the end of the intervention. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups, and no meaningful within-subject changes were detected over time. Stratified analyses by sex, body mass index, waist circumference, and smoking status also revealed no significant effects. The absence of a measurable effect in this population may be due to low baseline inflammation, the short duration of the intervention, and individual variability in response. These data reinforce the idea that the impact of (poly)phenols on inflammation strongly depends on the individual’s clinical and metabolic context. Future studies should investigate its potential benefits in populations with higher metabolic risk or with elevated underlying inflammation.