Criatividade : diferenças de sexo na criação de falsas memórias
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Data
2020
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Resumo
O fenómeno das falsas memórias corresponde a uma das temáticas mais estudadas no âmbito forense. Desta forma, avaliar os possíveis fatores que podem produzir as mesmas torna-se essencial, por forma a garantir testemunhos o mais fidedignos possível e consequente redução de condenações de indivíduos injustamente em contexto judicial.
O presente estudo procura avaliar alguns fatores que, de acordo com a literatura, podem assumir-se como preditores da criação de falsas memórias, nomeadamente a criatividade, as diferenças entre sexos e o stresse. Desta forma, 118 estudantes universitários (59 de cada sexo) foram submetidos a uma tarefa experimental que consistia na visualização de um vídeo (crime ou neutro), preenchimento de escalas, questionários e realização de uma tarefa de evocação livre a fim de verificar a existência de falsas memórias.
Os resultados encontrados revelam que a natureza do evento (crime vs. neutro) tem influência na criação de falsas memórias, sendo os eventos mais stressantes os que mais potenciam a criação de falsas memórias. No entanto, a criatividade não parece ter interferência na criação de falsas memórias e o número destas não depende do sexo dos participantes.
The phenomenon of false memories corresponds to one of the most studied topics in the field of forensics. Therefore, evaluating the possible factors that may produce them is essential, in order to guarantee the most reliable testimonies possible and the consequent reduction of convictions of individuals unjustly in a judicial context. The present study aims to evaluate some factors that, according to the literature, can be assumed as predictors of the creation of false memories, namely creativity, the differences between sexes and stress. Thus, 118 university students (59 of each sex) were subjected to an experimental task that consisted of viewing a video (crime or neutral), filling in scales, questionnaires and performing a free recall task in order to verify the existence of false memories. The results found reveal that the nature of the event (crime vs. neutral) has an influence on the creation of false memories, with the most stressful events being those that most potentiate the creation of false memories. However, creativity does not seem to interfere with the creation of false memories and the number of these does not depend on the sex of the participants.
The phenomenon of false memories corresponds to one of the most studied topics in the field of forensics. Therefore, evaluating the possible factors that may produce them is essential, in order to guarantee the most reliable testimonies possible and the consequent reduction of convictions of individuals unjustly in a judicial context. The present study aims to evaluate some factors that, according to the literature, can be assumed as predictors of the creation of false memories, namely creativity, the differences between sexes and stress. Thus, 118 university students (59 of each sex) were subjected to an experimental task that consisted of viewing a video (crime or neutral), filling in scales, questionnaires and performing a free recall task in order to verify the existence of false memories. The results found reveal that the nature of the event (crime vs. neutral) has an influence on the creation of false memories, with the most stressful events being those that most potentiate the creation of false memories. However, creativity does not seem to interfere with the creation of false memories and the number of these does not depend on the sex of the participants.
Descrição
Orientação: Laura Alho ; co-orientação: Pedro Rodrigues
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, TESTEMUNHOS, CRIATIVIDADE, FALSAS MEMÓRIAS, DIFERENÇAS DE GÉNERO, PSYCHOLOGY, FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY, TESTIMONIES, CREATIVITY, FALSE MEMORIES, GENDER DIFFERENCES