Os desafios da religiosidade contemporânea : análise das teorias da individualização religiosa e espiritual
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Data
2017
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Desde os finais da década de 1940 que as teorias da secularização predominam nas discussões académicas sobre o lugar da religião nas sociedades modernas. Ao defender uma tensão inexorável entre os fenómenos da modernização e o desenvolvimento religioso, a secularização vaticina a diminuição da relevância social da religião. Todavia, com o crescimento de novos movimentos religiosos e de formas individualizadas de religiosidade ou espiritualidade, os pressupostos da secularização começam a ser criticados, sobretudo nas últimas décadas do século XX e nos inícios do século XXI. Esta crítica daria lugar a uma das suas principais e mais desafiantes alternativas teóricas – a individualização das crenças religiosas – proponente da ideia de que, mesmo com os avanços da modernização, a religiosidade individual mantém uma relevância constante, podendo inclusive ter desenvolvimentos positivos. É precisamente na análise desta alternativa e dos seus princípios basilares que esta investigação se foca. Assim sendo, propõe-se um estudo analítico-descritivo das principais sub-teorias da individualização. Em particular, das teses da privatização e religião invisível, do crer sem pertencer e da religião vicária, da espiritualidade reflexiva e da rutura na corrente de memória coletiva. Através do seu exame e comparação é possível compreender a organização da psique religiosa moderna e as suas implicações em matéria de atitudes, condutas e valores religiosos à escala pessoal.
Theories of secularization have predominated in academic discussions on the place of religion in modern societies since the late 1940’s. Advocating an inexorable tension between modernization phenomena and religious development, secularization predicts a decline of religion’s social significance. However, with the development of new religious movements and of individualized forms of religiosity or spirituality, the assumptions of secularization begin to be criticed, especially in the late decades of the 20th century and in the early 21st century. This critic would give rise to one of its main and most challenging theorical alternatives – the individualization of religious beliefs – which proposes the idea that, even with the advance of modernization, individual religiosity mantains a stable significance and may even have positive developments. This study is precisely focused in the analysis of this alternative and of its basic principles. It proposes, thus, a descriptive and an analytical study of the main subtheories of individualization. In particular, the thesis of privatization and invisible religion, believing without belonging and vicarious religion, reflexive spirituality and the brake in the collective chain of memory. By examining and comparing them it is possible to understand the organization of modern religious psyche and of its implications in terms of religious attitudes, behaviors and values on a personal level. Keywords: religion, individualization, privatization, secularization
Theories of secularization have predominated in academic discussions on the place of religion in modern societies since the late 1940’s. Advocating an inexorable tension between modernization phenomena and religious development, secularization predicts a decline of religion’s social significance. However, with the development of new religious movements and of individualized forms of religiosity or spirituality, the assumptions of secularization begin to be criticed, especially in the late decades of the 20th century and in the early 21st century. This critic would give rise to one of its main and most challenging theorical alternatives – the individualization of religious beliefs – which proposes the idea that, even with the advance of modernization, individual religiosity mantains a stable significance and may even have positive developments. This study is precisely focused in the analysis of this alternative and of its basic principles. It proposes, thus, a descriptive and an analytical study of the main subtheories of individualization. In particular, the thesis of privatization and invisible religion, believing without belonging and vicarious religion, reflexive spirituality and the brake in the collective chain of memory. By examining and comparing them it is possible to understand the organization of modern religious psyche and of its implications in terms of religious attitudes, behaviors and values on a personal level. Keywords: religion, individualization, privatization, secularization
Descrição
Revista lusófona de ciência das religiões
Palavras-chave
RELIGIÃO, SECULARIZAÇÃO, ESPIRITUALIDADE, INDIVIDUALISMO, RELIGION, SECULARIZATION, SPIRITUALITY, INDIVIDUALISM