Necessidades educativas especiais : emergência do conceito
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Data
2011
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Edições Universitárias Lusófona
Resumo
Todas as sociedades contam, entre os seus membros, alguns que são considerados mais capazes e outros menos capazes, tendo em
conta a componente média maioritária, membros que apresentam desvios de desenvolvimento e requerem, por isso, providências
específicas desnecessárias à maioria. E todas, de uma forma ou outra, se organizam para lhes responder. Diz-se de uma sociedade
que o seu nível civilizacional é evidente na maneira como trata os mais fracos, os mais desprotegidos, os mais vulneráveis, e também
os que são diferentes. E do atendimento que lhes é proporcionado diz-se que traduz o grau de consciência cívica e moral de um povo
e os valores que perfilha. Diz-se ainda que o nível de desenvolvimento das sociedades se reflecte na qualidade da educação que
promovem. Desde a exclusão total, e do tratamento mais desumano, a que foram submetidos os “retardados”, os “desviados”, os
“anormais”, os “deficientes”… até às preocupações integrativas e inclusivas dos dias de hoje, vão séculos de evolução social, cultural,
política, económica, científica, mas também do pensamento filosófico e do sentimento religioso, em Portugal e no mundo. É disso que
pretendemos dar testemunho no presente trabalho, através da divulgação da obra de alguns dos seus protagonistas – médicos e
pedagogos.
All societies have among its members, some who are considered more capable and less capable others, taking into account the average majority component, members who deviate from normal development, require, therefore, specific care unnecessary to the majority. And all measures taken, in one form or another, organize themselves to meet their needs. It is said of a society that its level of civilization is evident in the way it treats the weakest and most defenseless, the more vulnerable, and also those who are different. And the service provided to them is said to reflect the degree of civic consciousness and morals of a people and the values defended by them. It is further said that the level of development of societies is reflected in the quality of education they promote. From total exclusion, to the most inhuman treatment, the "delayed", the "diverted", the "abnormal", the "disabled" underwent, to the integration and inclusion concerns of today, centuries of evolution in social, cultural, political, economic, scientific, but also of philosophical thought and religious feeling, in Portugal and worldwide went by. That's what we intend to give evidence in the present work, through the dissemination of the work of some of its protagonists - doctors and educators.
All societies have among its members, some who are considered more capable and less capable others, taking into account the average majority component, members who deviate from normal development, require, therefore, specific care unnecessary to the majority. And all measures taken, in one form or another, organize themselves to meet their needs. It is said of a society that its level of civilization is evident in the way it treats the weakest and most defenseless, the more vulnerable, and also those who are different. And the service provided to them is said to reflect the degree of civic consciousness and morals of a people and the values defended by them. It is further said that the level of development of societies is reflected in the quality of education they promote. From total exclusion, to the most inhuman treatment, the "delayed", the "diverted", the "abnormal", the "disabled" underwent, to the integration and inclusion concerns of today, centuries of evolution in social, cultural, political, economic, scientific, but also of philosophical thought and religious feeling, in Portugal and worldwide went by. That's what we intend to give evidence in the present work, through the dissemination of the work of some of its protagonists - doctors and educators.
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EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCATION, NECESSIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIAIS, SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS, EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA, INCLUSIVE EDUCATION