Envelhecimento e desemprego : impactos na sustentabilidade do Sistema de Segurança Social em Portugal
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2015
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A problemática da sustentabilidade da Segurança Social tem sido objeto de um amplo debate ao longo dos últimos anos por toda a Europa. A necessidade de mudança nos sistemas de proteção social, em virtude de vários fatores, dos quais se destaca a redução drástica da despesa pública, pressionou os governos a efetivarem as reformas que há muito deveriam ter sido concretizadas.
Em Portugal, os sucessivos governos concentraram-se em alterações paramétricas que,
embora indo no bom sentido, não parecem garantir a adaptabilidade do sistema a um enquadramento demográfico e económico em rápida evolução. Acresce que o atual estado de situação parece demonstrar que o sistema existente ignora o próprio enquadramento, tendo permitido reduções cumulativas da idade da reforma e aumento de “direitos”, como moeda de troca para menores acréscimos das tabelas salariais, sem qualquer preocupação com os
encargos futuros decorrentes de tais opções.
Assim, pretendeu-se neste estudo, após dar a conhecer melhor o sistema de Segurança Social em Portugal, caraterizar o seu financiamento e elencar os principais aspetos da reforma em curso, tendo presente o desemprego e o envelhecimento da população.
Adicionalmente, tendo por base a documentação mais recente disponibilizada por diversos organismos nacionais e internacionais, procurou-se obter uma análise tão independente quanto possível de entidades não relacionadas com o sistema. No decurso do trabalho, uma questão importante foi levantada, traduzindo-se na aparente contradição entre as medidas de promoção do emprego dos jovens e o combate às reformas antecipadas dos
menos jovens.
Concluiu-se que são inúmeras as preocupações que colocam em causa a
sustentabilidade do sistema de segurança social tal como o conhecemos na atualidade, visto
que o alto índice de desemprego e o envelhecimento da população ativa são uma realidade.
Assim, o desemprego leva a que a entrada de contribuições seja mais baixa, levando a que, por sua vez, o sistema tenha encargos maiores com a população envelhecida, que é cada vez maior, como é o caso das pensões de reforma, colocando em causa o atual sistema de Segurança Social.
The issue of sustainability of social security has been the subject of considerable debate over the past few years throughout Europe. The need for change in social protection systems, due to several factors, among which the drastic reduction of public spending, pressured governments to carry out those reforms that should already have been achieved. In Portugal successive governments focused on parametric changes which, although going in the right direction, do not seem to ensure system adaptability to a demographic and economic environment rapidly evolving. Furthermore, the current state of situation seems to show that the existing system ignores the frame itself, and enabled cumulative reductions in the retirement age and increase of "rights," as a bargaining chip for smaller increases in pay scales, without any concern for the future charges arising from such options. Thus, it was intended in this study, after learning more about the Social Security system in Portugal, to characterize their funding and list the main aspects of the ongoing reform taking into account unemployment and an aging population. Additionally, based on the latest documentation provided by various national and international organizations, I tried to get an as independent as possible analysis of unrelated entities with the system. During the work an important question was raised, resulting in the apparent contradiction between the measures to promote youth employment and combating early retirement of the not so young. It was concluded that there are numerous concerns that jeopardize the sustainability of the social security system as we know it today, since the high unemployment and an aging workforce are a reality. Thus, unemployment means that the entry of contributions is lower, which leads to an increase of the charges that the system has to deal with, due to an aged population that is getting bigger, as is the case of pensions, putting into question the current social security system.
The issue of sustainability of social security has been the subject of considerable debate over the past few years throughout Europe. The need for change in social protection systems, due to several factors, among which the drastic reduction of public spending, pressured governments to carry out those reforms that should already have been achieved. In Portugal successive governments focused on parametric changes which, although going in the right direction, do not seem to ensure system adaptability to a demographic and economic environment rapidly evolving. Furthermore, the current state of situation seems to show that the existing system ignores the frame itself, and enabled cumulative reductions in the retirement age and increase of "rights," as a bargaining chip for smaller increases in pay scales, without any concern for the future charges arising from such options. Thus, it was intended in this study, after learning more about the Social Security system in Portugal, to characterize their funding and list the main aspects of the ongoing reform taking into account unemployment and an aging population. Additionally, based on the latest documentation provided by various national and international organizations, I tried to get an as independent as possible analysis of unrelated entities with the system. During the work an important question was raised, resulting in the apparent contradiction between the measures to promote youth employment and combating early retirement of the not so young. It was concluded that there are numerous concerns that jeopardize the sustainability of the social security system as we know it today, since the high unemployment and an aging workforce are a reality. Thus, unemployment means that the entry of contributions is lower, which leads to an increase of the charges that the system has to deal with, due to an aged population that is getting bigger, as is the case of pensions, putting into question the current social security system.
Descrição
Orientação : Maria Irene Carvalho
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM GERONTOLOGIA SOCIAL, SEGURANÇA SOCIAL, SOCIAL SECURITY, GERONTOLOGIA SOCIAL, SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY, ENVELHECIMENTO, AGEING, DESEMPREGO, UNEMPLOYMENT, SUSTENTABILIDADE, SUSTAINABILITY