Esperança, personalidade e qualidade de vida: a influência da institucionalização
Miniatura indisponível
Data
2013
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Com a crescente valorização que tem sido dada à temática do envelhecimento humano, torna-se importante compreender a realidade da população idosa com o intuito de lhe proporcionar um envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Nesse sentido a presente investigação teve como principal objetivo comparar os traços de personalidade, esperança e qualidade de vida nos idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados. Pretendeu-se ainda analisar a relação entre as variáveis em estudo e verificar a existência de diferenças em função de variáveis sócio-demográficas. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 200 idosos, 100 institucionalizados e 100 não institucionalizados, em que 73 (36,50%) são do género masculino e 127 (63,50%) são do género feminino, com idades compreendidas entre 65 e 95 anos (M = 75.94; DP = 7.58). Com vista à obtenção de informação mais detalhada sobre os sujeitos foi elaborado um questionário sócio-demográfico e aplicado o Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein & McHugh, 1975; Guerreiro et al., 1994) por forma a detetar a existência de défice cognitivo. Como medidas de avaliação foram utilizados três instrumentos, Big Five Inventory (BFI; Benet-Martínez & John, 1998), Adult Hope Scale (AHS; Snyder et al., 1991) e a World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL-Bref; WHOQOL Group, 1996; Canavarro, et al., 2006). Os resultados obtidos mostram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados para a conscienciosidade, amabilidade, físico, psicológico e ambiente. Os resultados mostram ainda, correlações estatisticamente significativas, nomeadamente correlação positiva entre todas as dimensões da personalidade e a esperança à exceção do neuroticismo que apresenta correlação negativa. Observa-se ainda uma correlação positiva entre todas as dimensões da personalidade e a qualidade de vida, exceto o neuroticismo que apresenta correlação negativa. Por último verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre a esperança e a qualidade de vida.
With the growing appreciation that has been given to the issue of human aging, becomes important to understand the reality of the elderly population, in order to provide them with successful aging. In this sense, this research aimed to compare the personality traits, hope and quality of life in elderly institutionalized and non-institutionalized. It also intended to analyze the relationship between the dimensions under study and the existence of differences in terms of socio-demographic variables. It was used a sample of 200 elderly, 100 institutionalized and 100 non-institutionalized, (73 males and 127 females), ranging in age from 65 and 95 years with a mean of 75.94 years (SD = 7.58). In order to obtain more information about individuals, a socio-demographic questionnaire was devised and applied the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein & McHugh, 1975; Guerreiro et al., 1994) to detect the existence of cognitive impairment. As evaluation measures three instruments were used, Big Five Inventory (BFI; Benet-Martínez & John, 1998), Adult Hope Scale (AHS; Snyder et al., 1991) e a World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL-Bref; WHOQOL Group, 1996; Canavarro, et al., 2006). The results obtained show the existence of statistically significant differences between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in conscientiousness, kindness, physical, psychological and environmental. Results also show statistically significant correlations, namely positive correlation between all personality dimensions and hope except neuroticism that has a negative correlation. Also have been observed a positive correlation between all personality dimensions and quality of life, except neuroticism that has a negative correlation. Finally there was a positive correlation between hope and quality of life.
With the growing appreciation that has been given to the issue of human aging, becomes important to understand the reality of the elderly population, in order to provide them with successful aging. In this sense, this research aimed to compare the personality traits, hope and quality of life in elderly institutionalized and non-institutionalized. It also intended to analyze the relationship between the dimensions under study and the existence of differences in terms of socio-demographic variables. It was used a sample of 200 elderly, 100 institutionalized and 100 non-institutionalized, (73 males and 127 females), ranging in age from 65 and 95 years with a mean of 75.94 years (SD = 7.58). In order to obtain more information about individuals, a socio-demographic questionnaire was devised and applied the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein & McHugh, 1975; Guerreiro et al., 1994) to detect the existence of cognitive impairment. As evaluation measures three instruments were used, Big Five Inventory (BFI; Benet-Martínez & John, 1998), Adult Hope Scale (AHS; Snyder et al., 1991) e a World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL-Bref; WHOQOL Group, 1996; Canavarro, et al., 2006). The results obtained show the existence of statistically significant differences between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in conscientiousness, kindness, physical, psychological and environmental. Results also show statistically significant correlations, namely positive correlation between all personality dimensions and hope except neuroticism that has a negative correlation. Also have been observed a positive correlation between all personality dimensions and quality of life, except neuroticism that has a negative correlation. Finally there was a positive correlation between hope and quality of life.
Descrição
Orientação: Manuela Guerreiro ; co-orientação: João Pedro Oliveira
Palavras-chave
PSICOLOGIA, ENVELHECIMENTO, ESPERANÇA, QUALIDADE DE VIDA, IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS, PERSONALIDADE, PSYCHOLOGY, HOPE, QUALITY OF LIFE, PERSONALITY, AGEING, ELDERLY INSTITUCIONALIZATION, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, ACONSELHAMENTO E PSICOTERAPIAS