De la guerre au massacre - Le “crime” d’inhumanité au milieu du XVIe siècle français
Miniatura indisponível
Data
2009
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Se o massacre é um tratado de história de humanidade, parece que, no contexto dos conflitos religiosos da França do século XVI, o recurso ao massacre se tornou objecto de repulsa, apesar de muito praticado. A partir da análise do dossiê do processo contra os responsáveis do massacre dos Valdenses do Lubéron em 1551, este estudo mostra como o advogado do rei denunciou este “Crime de inumanidade”.
If massacres are in fact a common feature in the history of mankind, it seems as if on the occasion of the religious troubles in 16th-century France, they finally turn out to be repellent, although still widely in use. Using the example of the files of the process against the people responsible for the massacres of the Waldensians in Lubéron in 1551, this study shows how the king’s attorney denounces this “crime of inhumanity”. This new legal standard distinguishes the state of law condemning all collective punishments. Thus, during the civil wars of religion, Catholic war captain Blaise de Montluc still justifies the massacre, but, this time, as part of a State of war, although it contradicts chivalrous manners. The storming of a town and the tactics of terror legitimize the right of life and death on the vanquished. Nonetheless, judicial investigations are sometimes opened against the killers. Notwithstanding their inefficiency, they indicate the more and more frequent exceeding of the limits of what could be tolerated in terms of violence, in the name human dignity, law and the sovereign incarnating it. Massacres then start to be scandals, means of propaganda in order to disqualify the adversary, which eventually denotes the success of a new legal standard.
If massacres are in fact a common feature in the history of mankind, it seems as if on the occasion of the religious troubles in 16th-century France, they finally turn out to be repellent, although still widely in use. Using the example of the files of the process against the people responsible for the massacres of the Waldensians in Lubéron in 1551, this study shows how the king’s attorney denounces this “crime of inhumanity”. This new legal standard distinguishes the state of law condemning all collective punishments. Thus, during the civil wars of religion, Catholic war captain Blaise de Montluc still justifies the massacre, but, this time, as part of a State of war, although it contradicts chivalrous manners. The storming of a town and the tactics of terror legitimize the right of life and death on the vanquished. Nonetheless, judicial investigations are sometimes opened against the killers. Notwithstanding their inefficiency, they indicate the more and more frequent exceeding of the limits of what could be tolerated in terms of violence, in the name human dignity, law and the sovereign incarnating it. Massacres then start to be scandals, means of propaganda in order to disqualify the adversary, which eventually denotes the success of a new legal standard.
Descrição
Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões
Palavras-chave
RELIGIÃO, RELIGION, HISTÓRIA DE FRANÇA, HISTORY OF FRANCE, CONFLITOS RELIGIOSOS, RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS