Vinculação, memórias de cuidados na infância, auto-conceito e depressão em adolescentes
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2011
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A Teoria da Vinculação tem motivado inúmeros investigadores a procurar compreender o impacto da privação grave de cuidados parentais no desenvolvimento humano (O‟Connor, et al., 1999; Boris & Zeanah, 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005), pois, segundo Bowlby (1969, 1984), a ausência precoce de cuidados maternos estaria intimamente relacionada com trajectórias desenvolvimentais (des)adaptativas.
Nesta perspectiva, o aumento do número de instituições de acolhimento e a crescente proliferação de estudos internacionais centrados nesta temática, têm enfatizado o efeito negativo das experiências de privação e dos cuidados institucionais no desenvolvimento infantil (Provence & Lipton, 1962; O‟Connor, et al., 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005).
O presente estudo, de carácter exploratório, procurou compreender o modo como os jovens experienciam a adolescência em situações de vida distintas: em meio familiar e em meio institucional. Concretamente, buscou analisar a influência das memórias dos cuidados na infância e da qualidade da vinculação, no auto-conceito e nas queixas depressivas.
Participaram nesta investigação 80 adolescentes, 39 residentes em instituições de acolhimento temporário de duas instituições do distrito de Setúbal (N=39) e 41 que residem com as suas famílias de origem, frequentando duas instituições de ensino público regular (N=41), com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 17 anos, de ambos os géneros. Para avaliar as variáveis em estudo foram utilizados o IPPA, de Armsden & Greenberg (1987); o EMBU-A, de Gerlsma, Arrindell, Von der Veen & Emmelkamp (1991); o SPPA, de Harter (1988); e o CDI, de Kovacs (1982).
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o contexto de vida em que os adolescentes estão inseridos não exerce, por si só, uma influência negativa na expressão de queixas depressivas e numa auto-percepção mais negativa das próprias competências; os cuidados na infância e a qualidade dos laços estabelecidos com as figuras significativas, enquanto em meio familiar, dos adolescentes institucionalizados afectam a sua percepção de competência de modo negativo; o tempo de institucionalização não influencia directamente o desenvolvimento psicológico, cognitivo, social e emocional, ao nível da qualidade das relações afectivas estabelecidas, do auto-conceito e da auto-estima das crianças e jovens institucionalizados.
The Attachment Theory has motivated innumerable researchers to look for to understand the impact of serious privation of parental cares in the human development (O'Connor et al. 1999; Zeanah & Boris, 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005), therefore, according to Bowlby (1969, 1984), the precocious absence of early maternal cares would be closely related developmental trajectories (dis)adaptive. In this perspective, the increase of the number of shelter institutions and the proliferation of international studies centered on this theme, have emphasized the negative effect of privation and the institutional cares on child development (Provence & Lipton, 1962; O'Connor, et al . 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005). The present study was exploratory in nature, sought to understand how young people experience adolescence in different life situations: in the family and in institutional environments. Specifically, it searched to analyze the influence of the memories of cares in infancy and the quality of the entailing, in the self-concept and the depressive complaints. 80 adolescents participated in this investigation, 39 residents in two temporary institutions in the district of Setubal (N = 39) and 41 who live with their families of origin, attending two schools in the regular public (N = 41), between the ages of 11 and 17 years, of both genders. To assess the study variables were used IPPA, of Armsden & Greenberg (1987), the EMBU-A, of Gerlsma, Arrindell, Von der Veen & Emmelkamp (1991), the SPPA, of Harter (1988); and the CDI, of Kovacs (1982). The results showed that the life context in which adolescents are embedded does not exercise, by itself, a negative influence on the expression of depressive symptoms and a more negative self-perception of their own skills; the child cares and quality of links established with the significant figures, while in the family environment, of institutionalized adolescents affect their perceived competence in a negative way; the time of institutionalization does not directly influence the psychological development, cognitive, social and emotional level of the affective quality of relationships established, the self-concept and self-esteem of institutionalized children and youth.
The Attachment Theory has motivated innumerable researchers to look for to understand the impact of serious privation of parental cares in the human development (O'Connor et al. 1999; Zeanah & Boris, 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005), therefore, according to Bowlby (1969, 1984), the precocious absence of early maternal cares would be closely related developmental trajectories (dis)adaptive. In this perspective, the increase of the number of shelter institutions and the proliferation of international studies centered on this theme, have emphasized the negative effect of privation and the institutional cares on child development (Provence & Lipton, 1962; O'Connor, et al . 1999; Zeanah, et al., 2005). The present study was exploratory in nature, sought to understand how young people experience adolescence in different life situations: in the family and in institutional environments. Specifically, it searched to analyze the influence of the memories of cares in infancy and the quality of the entailing, in the self-concept and the depressive complaints. 80 adolescents participated in this investigation, 39 residents in two temporary institutions in the district of Setubal (N = 39) and 41 who live with their families of origin, attending two schools in the regular public (N = 41), between the ages of 11 and 17 years, of both genders. To assess the study variables were used IPPA, of Armsden & Greenberg (1987), the EMBU-A, of Gerlsma, Arrindell, Von der Veen & Emmelkamp (1991), the SPPA, of Harter (1988); and the CDI, of Kovacs (1982). The results showed that the life context in which adolescents are embedded does not exercise, by itself, a negative influence on the expression of depressive symptoms and a more negative self-perception of their own skills; the child cares and quality of links established with the significant figures, while in the family environment, of institutionalized adolescents affect their perceived competence in a negative way; the time of institutionalization does not directly influence the psychological development, cognitive, social and emotional level of the affective quality of relationships established, the self-concept and self-esteem of institutionalized children and youth.
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Orientação: Fernanda Salvaterra
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PSICOLOGIA, VINCULAÇÃO, DEPRESSÃO, AUTOCONCEITO, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, ACONSELHAMENTO E PSICOTERAPIAS, ADOLESCÊNCIA, ADOLESCENTES, PSYCHOLOGY, ATTACHMENT, SELF-CONCEPT, ADOLESCENCE, ADOLESCENTS, DEPRESSION