A felicidade e o coping pró-ativo: estudo exploratório em homens e mulheres
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2014
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O tema principal que circunscreve a presente investigação prende-se á necessidade de explorar fatores positivos do bem-estar e comportamentos de sucesso. Assim, este estudo de natureza quantitativa verifica diferenças entre géneros, relações entre as variáveis emoções (positivas e negativas), satisfação com a vida, florescer, coping pró-ativo e felicidade no último mês e identifica variáveis preditoras da felicidade.
Utilizou-se uma amostra de 263 sujeitos, sendo 141 do sexo feminino e 122 do sexo masculino, a que se aplicou os seguintes questionários: Inventário de Coping Pró-ativo (PCI: Greenglass, Schwarzer, Jakubiec, Fiksenbaum & Taubert, 1999; versão portuguesa por Marques, Lemos & Greenglass, 2004), Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS: Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985; versão traduzida por Baptista, 2011), Teste de Positividade (PST: Fredrickson, 2009; versão traduzida por Baptista, 2011), a Escala de Florescimento (FS: Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi & Biswas-Diener, 2009; versão traduzida por Baptista, 2011) e a Escala do Termómetro da felicidade (Baptista, 2013).
Nos resultados verifica-se que não existe diferenças significativas entre os sexos, emoções (positivas e negativas), satisfação com a vida, florescer, coping pró-ativo e felicidade no último mês. Nas tabelas das correlações existe uma associação positiva e significativa entre as emoções positivas, satisfação com a vida, florescer, coping pró-ativo e felicidade no último mês. As emoções negativas assumem um sentido negativo e inverso com a satisfação com a vida, florescer, coping pró-ativo e felicidade no último mês, à exceção das emoções positivas que demonstram não existir qualquer relação entre as emoções negativas.
Os resultados permitem verificar três variáveis preditoras na felicidade do último mês, sugerindo que a satisfação com a vida e as emoções positivas e negativas são as variáveis preditoras mais relevantes.
Com esta investigação foi possível apresentar algumas conclusões que poderão ser úteis na prática de prevenção e clínica. No final são demonstradas as limitações e futuros estudos.
The main theme that circumscribes this research relates to the need to explore positive aspects of well-being and successful behaviors. Thus, this quantitative study finds differences between gender, relations between emotions (positive and negative), satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month and identifies predictors of happiness. A sample of 263 subjects was used, being 141 of the female sex and 122 of the male sex, to whom was applied the following questionnaires: Proactive coping Inventory (PCI: Greenglass, Schwarzer, Jakubiec, Fiksenbaum & Taubert, 1999; Portuguese version by Marques, Lemos & Greenglass, 2004), Satisfaction with the Life Scale (SWLS: Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985; Portuguese version translated by Baptista, 2011), Positivity Self Test (PST: Fredrickson, 2009; portuguese version by Baptista, 2011), Flourishing Scale (FS: Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi & Biswas-Diener, 2009; portuguese version by Baptista, 2011) and Thermometer of Happiness scale (Baptista, 2013). The results show there are no significant differences between genders, emotions (positive and negative), satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month. On the correlation tables there is a positive and significant association between positive emotions, satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month. Negative emotions take a negative and reverse direction with satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month, except for the positive emotions that show there is no relation between negative emotions. The results verify three predictor variables of happiness in the last month, suggesting that satisfaction with life and positive and negative emotions are the most relevant predictor variables. With this research, it was possible to present some conclusions that may be useful on prevention and clinical practice. At the end study limitations and future studies are shown.
The main theme that circumscribes this research relates to the need to explore positive aspects of well-being and successful behaviors. Thus, this quantitative study finds differences between gender, relations between emotions (positive and negative), satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month and identifies predictors of happiness. A sample of 263 subjects was used, being 141 of the female sex and 122 of the male sex, to whom was applied the following questionnaires: Proactive coping Inventory (PCI: Greenglass, Schwarzer, Jakubiec, Fiksenbaum & Taubert, 1999; Portuguese version by Marques, Lemos & Greenglass, 2004), Satisfaction with the Life Scale (SWLS: Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985; Portuguese version translated by Baptista, 2011), Positivity Self Test (PST: Fredrickson, 2009; portuguese version by Baptista, 2011), Flourishing Scale (FS: Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi & Biswas-Diener, 2009; portuguese version by Baptista, 2011) and Thermometer of Happiness scale (Baptista, 2013). The results show there are no significant differences between genders, emotions (positive and negative), satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month. On the correlation tables there is a positive and significant association between positive emotions, satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month. Negative emotions take a negative and reverse direction with satisfaction with life, flourishing, proactive coping and happiness in the last month, except for the positive emotions that show there is no relation between negative emotions. The results verify three predictor variables of happiness in the last month, suggesting that satisfaction with life and positive and negative emotions are the most relevant predictor variables. With this research, it was possible to present some conclusions that may be useful on prevention and clinical practice. At the end study limitations and future studies are shown.
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Orientação: Américo Baptista
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, ACONSELHAMENTO E PSICOTERAPIAS, PSICOLOGIA, EMOÇÕES POSITIVAS, EMOÇÕES NEGATIVAS, COPING, SATISFAÇÃO COM A VIDA, BEM-ESTAR, FELICIDADE, ADULTOS, TESTES PSICOLÓGICOS, FS, PCI, SWLS, PST, PSYCHOLOGY, POSITIVE EMOTIONS, NEGATIVE EMOTIONS, COPING, LIFE SATISFACTION, WELL-BEING, ADULTS