Suporte social e qualidade de vida: comparação entre adultos jovens e idosos
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2013
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Considerando a crescente importância dos conceitos de qualidade de vida e suporte social relacionados com a saúde dos idosos e a escassez de estudos existentes em indivíduos adultos, mais novos, pretende-se realizar um estudo, com o objetivo de comparar e analisar estas variáveis nos dois grupos etários.
Este estudo comparativo, de diferentes aspetos da qualidade de vida e suporte social, envolve sujeitos mais novos (que designaremos apenas por adultos) e adultos idosos (que passaremos a designar por idosos).
Foram utilizados cinco instrumentos de medida: World Health organization Quality of life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), concebida para avaliar a qualidade de vida; Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS), que avalia o suporte social; Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS), construída para medir a satisfação com a vida; Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS); para avaliar o grau de sintomas depressivos na população idosa; e, por último, o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MMSE), instrumento que avalia o estado cognitivo. A amostra é de conveniência, inclui 110 sujeitos, 60 do grupo dos adultos jovens com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e os 40 anos, (M=30,38; DP=4,89) e 50 do grupo dos idosos, com idades acima dos 65 anos idades (M=72,92;DP=6,82). A consistência interna dos itens de cada componente foi testada através do alpha de Cronbach, tendo sido aceite a consistência interna a partir de valores iguais ou superiores a 0.7.
Os resultados revelaram que variáveis sociodemográficas como as habilitações literárias e o estado civil influenciam a qualidade de vida.
Foi confirmada a hipótese do estudo, de que existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os níveis de perceção do suporte social em idosos, no ESSS-TOTAL e no fator satisfação família, isto é, os idosos tem maior perceção de suporte social nestes. Em relação a qualidade de vida existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas no grupo dos adultos, na escala WHOQOL-BREF- TOTAL, e nos restantes domínios.
Considering the growing importance of quality of life and social support concepts related to health of elderly and the shortage of existing studies in adults, younger, we intend to conduct a study in order to compare and analyze these variables in both age groups. This comparative study, of different aspects of quality of life and social support, involves younger individual (that we will designate only by adults) and elderly adults (that we will designate by elderly). It was used five measuring instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), designed to evaluate quality of life: Satisfaction with Social Support Scale (SSSS), that evaluate social support; Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), built to measure satisfaction with life; Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), to evaluate the degree of depressive symptoms in the elderly; and, for the last, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), instrument that evaluate the cognitive state. The sample of convenience includes 110 subjects, 60 of young adults group with ages between 25 and 40 years old (M=30,38; SD=4,89) and 50 of elderly group, with age over 65 years old (M=72,92;SD=6,82). Items internal consistence of each component was tested by Cronbach´s alpha, and accepted internal consistence from values equal to or greater than 0,7. The results revealed that sociodemographic variables such as qualifications and marital status influence quality of life. Study hypothesis was confirmed, that there are significant differences between perception of social support levels in the elderly, in SSSS-TOTAL and in satisfaction with family factor, ie, the elderly have higher perceptions of social support in these. Regarding the quality of life there are statistically differences in the adult group, in WHOQOL-BREF-TOTAL scale and for other areas.
Considering the growing importance of quality of life and social support concepts related to health of elderly and the shortage of existing studies in adults, younger, we intend to conduct a study in order to compare and analyze these variables in both age groups. This comparative study, of different aspects of quality of life and social support, involves younger individual (that we will designate only by adults) and elderly adults (that we will designate by elderly). It was used five measuring instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), designed to evaluate quality of life: Satisfaction with Social Support Scale (SSSS), that evaluate social support; Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), built to measure satisfaction with life; Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), to evaluate the degree of depressive symptoms in the elderly; and, for the last, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), instrument that evaluate the cognitive state. The sample of convenience includes 110 subjects, 60 of young adults group with ages between 25 and 40 years old (M=30,38; SD=4,89) and 50 of elderly group, with age over 65 years old (M=72,92;SD=6,82). Items internal consistence of each component was tested by Cronbach´s alpha, and accepted internal consistence from values equal to or greater than 0,7. The results revealed that sociodemographic variables such as qualifications and marital status influence quality of life. Study hypothesis was confirmed, that there are significant differences between perception of social support levels in the elderly, in SSSS-TOTAL and in satisfaction with family factor, ie, the elderly have higher perceptions of social support in these. Regarding the quality of life there are statistically differences in the adult group, in WHOQOL-BREF-TOTAL scale and for other areas.
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Orientação: Manuela Guerreiro
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PSICOLOGIA, SUPORTE SOCIAL, QUALIDADE DE VIDA, IDOSOS, JOVENS ADULTOS, PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL SUPPORT, ELDERLY, YOUNG ADULTS, QUALITY OF LIFE, ESSS, SWLS (ESCALA…), EDG, MMSE (AVALIAÇAO...), MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, ACONSELHAMENTO E PSICOTERAPIAS, TESTES PSICOLÓGICOS, PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS