A rádio como instrumento pedagógico de difusão dos direitos humanos: a mobilização política da mulher guineense
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2014
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A hipótese de investigação para o desenvolvimento da tese cruza a igualdade do género no âmbito da participação política da mulher e a disseminação dos direitos humanos com o meio de comunicação mais abrangente e consequentemente influente, nos países subdesenvolvidos, tendo como país de estudo, a Guiné-Bissau, um dos 10 países mais pobres do mundo, segundo dados das Nações Unidas.
De que modo é que a rádio é um instrumento pedagógico no que concerne ao entendimento dos direitos humanos sob o ponto de vista do género, contribuindo para a participação política da mulher? É esta a questão à qual se pretende responder através do aprofundamento da análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos conteúdos radiofónicos que difundem temas ligados à igualdade de género, participação política da mulher e direitos humanos produzidos pela rádio de maior audiência na Guiné-Bissau, por forma a cobrir justamente todo o território continental e ilhas. A captação destes conteúdos foi realizada em períodos distintos, incidindo sobre as celebrações do dia da mulher no mês de Março, o período de campanha eleitoral e as comemorações do dia dos direitos humanos em Dezembro. Para uma melhor comparação e aferição do material recolhido, faz-se uma análise comparativa dos períodos homólogos em 2009 e 2012.
Por forma a alcançar os objectivos do estudo, foi utilizada uma tipologia de categorias que define conceptualmente o objecto de análise num sistema que pretende operacionalizar as variáveis inerentes à questão da investigação. A metodologia da análise de conteúdo respondeu às necessidades das prerrogativas quantitativas do estudo, não limitando a investigação a valores estatísticos, explorando ainda o valor conotativo através da análise comparativa.
Numa segunda fase, a investigação focou-se na realização de entrevistas a mulheres e homens representantes de grupos específicos, nomeadamente de organismos internacionais, instituições nacionais e da produção de programas, a fim de se explorar a forma como as mensagens são recepcionadas e assimiladas (ou não) quer por mulheres comuns como por mulheres politicamente activas.
Estes conteúdos foram alvo de análise, considerando sempre os programas enquanto amostra que espelha a participação da mulher na vida política e económica, promovendo o desenvolvimento do país, através do meio de comunicação social que continua a ser em nosso entender, o mais significativo no contexto da Guiné-Bissau, a rádio.
The research hypothesis for the development of the thesis crosses gender equality within the remit of women’s political participation and the dissemination of human rights with the most comprehensive and influential means of communication in underdeveloped countries, namely Guinea-Bissau, one of the 10 poorest countries in the world, according to United Nations data. How does the radio reveal itself as a pedagogical tool in relation to the understanding of human rights from the point of view of gender in favor of women's political participation? This is the central question that we intend to answer through the deepening of quantitative and qualitative analysis of radio broadcast content that concentrates on gender equality, political participation of women and human rights, produced by the radio with the largest audience in Guinea-Bissau, allowing for the coverage of, precisely, all the mainland territory and the islands. The uptake of these contents was performed during different periods in the month of March, during the celebrations of Women's Day, the campaign period and, in December, during the celebrations of Human Rights Day. For better comparison and measurement, the collected material refers to the year 2009 and the same periods of 2012. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a typology of categories that conceptually defines the object of analysis was used, as part of a system that aims to operationalize the variables inherent in the research question. The methodology of content analysis addressed the needs of the prerogatives of the quantitative study, not limited to researching the statistical values, but also exploring connotative values by comparative analysis. In a second phase, the research focused on conducting interviews with women and men representatives from specific groups, namely representatives of international organizations, national institutions and radio producers, in order to explore how messages are received and assimilated (or not) by both ordinary women and politically active women. These contents were subjected to analysis, always considering the programs as samples that mirror the participation of women in political and economic life, promoting the development of the country through the means of communication that, in our perspective, continues to be the most significant within the context of Guinea-Bissau, that of radio.
The research hypothesis for the development of the thesis crosses gender equality within the remit of women’s political participation and the dissemination of human rights with the most comprehensive and influential means of communication in underdeveloped countries, namely Guinea-Bissau, one of the 10 poorest countries in the world, according to United Nations data. How does the radio reveal itself as a pedagogical tool in relation to the understanding of human rights from the point of view of gender in favor of women's political participation? This is the central question that we intend to answer through the deepening of quantitative and qualitative analysis of radio broadcast content that concentrates on gender equality, political participation of women and human rights, produced by the radio with the largest audience in Guinea-Bissau, allowing for the coverage of, precisely, all the mainland territory and the islands. The uptake of these contents was performed during different periods in the month of March, during the celebrations of Women's Day, the campaign period and, in December, during the celebrations of Human Rights Day. For better comparison and measurement, the collected material refers to the year 2009 and the same periods of 2012. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a typology of categories that conceptually defines the object of analysis was used, as part of a system that aims to operationalize the variables inherent in the research question. The methodology of content analysis addressed the needs of the prerogatives of the quantitative study, not limited to researching the statistical values, but also exploring connotative values by comparative analysis. In a second phase, the research focused on conducting interviews with women and men representatives from specific groups, namely representatives of international organizations, national institutions and radio producers, in order to explore how messages are received and assimilated (or not) by both ordinary women and politically active women. These contents were subjected to analysis, always considering the programs as samples that mirror the participation of women in political and economic life, promoting the development of the country through the means of communication that, in our perspective, continues to be the most significant within the context of Guinea-Bissau, that of radio.
Descrição
Orientação: Cláudia Álvares
Palavras-chave
COMUNICAÇÃO, DIREITOS HUMANOS, POLÍTICA, PARTICIPAÇÃO DAS MULHERES, RÁDIO, GUINÉ-BISSAU, COMMUNICATION, HUMAN RIGHTS, POLITICS, WOMEN PARTICIPATION, RADIO BROADCASTING, MESTRADO EM JORNALISMO, POLÍTICA E HISTÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA