Captações de água : o primeiro passo para a qualidade
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Data
2008
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
A água constitui um recurso essencial à vida. A privação ao seu acesso é uma crise silenciosa que condena parte considerável da humanidade a vidas de pobreza, vulnerabilidade e insegurança. Deve assegurar-se que cada indivíduo disponha de acesso fiável à água a um preço aceitável. Superar a crise da água constitui um dos grandes desafios do desenvolvimento humano no início do século XXI. A África possui alguns dos maiores rios e lagos do mundo, bem como vastos desertos. Pelo seu volume, o rio Congo é o segundo maior rio do mundo, depois do Amazonas. O lago Tanganica, contém o segundo maior volume de água doce do mundo e o lago Victoria tem a segunda maior superfície entre os lagos de água doce. Relativamente ao abastecimento de água, estimativas recentes sugerem que vão ser necessários cerca de um milhão de novos furos em África para se alcançar os objectivos de desenvolvimento do Milénio até 2015. Garantir o controlo e manutenção das captações de água é um dos primeiros passos para proteger a saúde humana dos efeitos nocivos resultantes de qualquer contaminação da água destinada ao consumo humano, assegurando a sua salubridade e limpeza. Procura-se no presente trabalho sistematizar exigências de fiabilidade e qualidade relativas à conservação e manutenção das captações de água para consumo humano. Salientam-se as falhas devidas à construção, aos recursos envolvidos e à exploração da obra. Referenciando-se metodologias de controlo e diagnostico das captações, processos de conservação e manutenção, patologias mais comuns nestas instalações, bem como técnicas para reabilitação das suas capacidades e qualidade. Ponderam-se as diferentes implicações que as deficiências existentes poderão provocar na economia e na saúde das populações envolvidas.
Water is a natural resource essential to life. Lacking its access is a silent crisis that condemns a considerable part of Mankind to a life of poverty, vulnerability and insecurity. One must assure that each individual has reliable access to water, at reasonable price. 2/16 To overcome the water crisis is one of the main human development challenges in the beginning of the 21st century. Africa possesses some of the world’s largest rivers and lakes, as well as vast deserts. By its volume, river Congo is the second largest river in the world, just surpassed by the river Amazonas. Lake Tanganica contains the second largest freshwater volume in the world and lake Victoria has the second biggest surface area among the freshwater lakes. In what concerns water supply, recent studies estimate that one million new water abstraction boreholes in Africa will be needed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals until 2015. To assure the control and maintenance of water abstraction facilities is one of the first steps to protect human health from the negative effects of water contamination, by assuring its cleanness and quality. With this work one intends to systematize the reliability and quality requirements related to water intended for human consumption abstractions facilities, conservation and maintenance. One refers the failures caused by construction, the resources involved and the exploration of the facilities, mentioning the control and diagnosis methodologies, conservation and maintenance processes and common pathologies, as well as techniques for the rehabilitation of its capacities and quality. One balances the different implications that existing deficiencies may originate in the economy and in health of the involved populations.
Water is a natural resource essential to life. Lacking its access is a silent crisis that condemns a considerable part of Mankind to a life of poverty, vulnerability and insecurity. One must assure that each individual has reliable access to water, at reasonable price. 2/16 To overcome the water crisis is one of the main human development challenges in the beginning of the 21st century. Africa possesses some of the world’s largest rivers and lakes, as well as vast deserts. By its volume, river Congo is the second largest river in the world, just surpassed by the river Amazonas. Lake Tanganica contains the second largest freshwater volume in the world and lake Victoria has the second biggest surface area among the freshwater lakes. In what concerns water supply, recent studies estimate that one million new water abstraction boreholes in Africa will be needed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals until 2015. To assure the control and maintenance of water abstraction facilities is one of the first steps to protect human health from the negative effects of water contamination, by assuring its cleanness and quality. With this work one intends to systematize the reliability and quality requirements related to water intended for human consumption abstractions facilities, conservation and maintenance. One refers the failures caused by construction, the resources involved and the exploration of the facilities, mentioning the control and diagnosis methodologies, conservation and maintenance processes and common pathologies, as well as techniques for the rehabilitation of its capacities and quality. One balances the different implications that existing deficiencies may originate in the economy and in health of the involved populations.
Descrição
Africanologia : Revista Lusófona de Estudos Africanos
Palavras-chave
AFRICANOLOGIA, ESTUDOS LUSÓFONOS, ESTUDOS AFRICANOS, ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA, ÁGUA, CONSUMO DE ÁGUA, ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA, QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA, ÁFRICA, AFRICAN CULTURAL STUDIES, LUSOPHONE STUDIES, AFRICAN STUDIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER CONSUMPTION, GROUNDWATER, WATER QUALITY, AFRICA, WATER
Citação
Soares , A M S & Campos , M A M M 2008 , ' Captações de água : o primeiro passo para a qualidade ' , Africanologia : Revista Lusófona de Estudos Africanos .