Pedagogia da salvação segundo a Arte de Criar bem os Filhos na Idade da Puerícia, de Alexandre de Gusmão
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2008
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
Consciente das particulares obrigações da Companhia de Jesus em matéria de ensino, o Padre Alexandre de Gusmão (1629-1724), com a Arte de criar bem os filhos na idade da puerícia (1685), pretendia «um perfeito menino», educado, desde tenra idade, segundo os princípios da doutrina cristã e em «santos e honestos costumes». Logo que a criança tomasse conhecimento da realidade e começasse a discernir o bom do mau, deveria conhecer o Criador e os principais mistérios da fé. Os pais deveriam afastar os filhos do pecado e do vício, e incutir-lhes a piedade e o temor a Deus. Neste projecto pedagógico, reconhecia-se ser a educação dos filhos dever inalienável dos pais, cujo exemplo constituía «o melhor documento». Para que soubessem agir correctamente era-lhes especialmente dedicada a segunda parte da obra em apreço, com o sugestivo título de Como se hão-de haver os pais na criação dos meninos. Com este envolvimento, Gusmão tinha, igualmente, consciência da necessidade de reformar a família e, por natural extensão, a própria sociedade. Contudo, da boa criação dos meninos beneficiava também a república. Largamente apoiado nas Sagradas Escrituras, na História, nos filósofos da Antiguidade Clássica, bem como em muitos autores cristãos, Alexandre de Gusmão, para corroborar o seu pensamento pedagógico, utilizou situações exemplares e referências das autoridades, de modo que as suas ideias prevalecessem, sem possibilidade de quaisquer contestações gratuitas. Por diversas vezes, repetiu a mesma ideia, como a sublinhar propositadamente a mensagem que desejava transmitir.Gusmão entendia que a educação deveria conduzir à salvação. A boa criação dos meninos implicava obediência, devoção e piedade. Os pais e os mestres, que se demitissem deste propósito, haveriam de prestar contas a Deus e receber severos castigos divinos. Com esta comunicação, pretendemos dar a conhecer os princípios pedagógicos defendidos por Alexandre de Gusmão na obra em análise, salientando como a Escola deveria servir as letras, os bons costumes e a religião católica.
Aware of the particular responsibility of the Company of Jesus in the field of teaching, Padre Alexandre de Gusmão (1629-1724), in his Arte de criar bem os filhos na idade da puericia (1685)1 was aiming at «a perfect little boy», educated from a tender age according to the principles of Christian doctrine and in «holy and wholesome customs». As soon as the child comes to appreciate reality and is able to discern good from evil, he should be given knowledge of the Creator and the principal mysteries of the faith. Parents should keep their children away from sin and vice, and instil piety and the fear of God into them. In this pedagogical project, it was recognised that the education of their children was an inalienable duty of the parents, whose example provided the «best textbook». So that they would know how to do the right thing, the second part of the book under review was dedicated to them, with the suggestive title How parents are to behave in the education of their children. By being thus involved, Gusmão realised also that it was necessary to reform the family and, by extension, society itself. Moreover, the republic itself benefited from the suitable upbringing of the children. Supported to a great extent by the Sacred Scriptures, History, the philosophers of classical antiquity and many Christian authors, in order to corroborate his pedagogical thinking, Alexandre de Gusmão used sample situations and references from the various authorities so that his ideas would prevail, without running the risk of gratuitous contradictions. He repeated the same idea several times, as if to emphasise deliberately the message which he wished to convey. Gusmão understood that education ought to lead to salvation. The good upbringing of children implied obedience, devotion and piety. Parents and teachers who did not accept this principle would have to render an account to God and receive severe divine punishment. Our aim in this paper is to describe the pedagogical principles outlined by Alexandre de Gusmão in the work under review, drawing attention to the way in which the school ought to be at the service of learning, good behaviour and the Catholic religion.
Aware of the particular responsibility of the Company of Jesus in the field of teaching, Padre Alexandre de Gusmão (1629-1724), in his Arte de criar bem os filhos na idade da puericia (1685)1 was aiming at «a perfect little boy», educated from a tender age according to the principles of Christian doctrine and in «holy and wholesome customs». As soon as the child comes to appreciate reality and is able to discern good from evil, he should be given knowledge of the Creator and the principal mysteries of the faith. Parents should keep their children away from sin and vice, and instil piety and the fear of God into them. In this pedagogical project, it was recognised that the education of their children was an inalienable duty of the parents, whose example provided the «best textbook». So that they would know how to do the right thing, the second part of the book under review was dedicated to them, with the suggestive title How parents are to behave in the education of their children. By being thus involved, Gusmão realised also that it was necessary to reform the family and, by extension, society itself. Moreover, the republic itself benefited from the suitable upbringing of the children. Supported to a great extent by the Sacred Scriptures, History, the philosophers of classical antiquity and many Christian authors, in order to corroborate his pedagogical thinking, Alexandre de Gusmão used sample situations and references from the various authorities so that his ideas would prevail, without running the risk of gratuitous contradictions. He repeated the same idea several times, as if to emphasise deliberately the message which he wished to convey. Gusmão understood that education ought to lead to salvation. The good upbringing of children implied obedience, devotion and piety. Parents and teachers who did not accept this principle would have to render an account to God and receive severe divine punishment. Our aim in this paper is to describe the pedagogical principles outlined by Alexandre de Gusmão in the work under review, drawing attention to the way in which the school ought to be at the service of learning, good behaviour and the Catholic religion.
Descrição
Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões
Palavras-chave
RELIGIÃO, GUSMÃO, ALEXANDRE DE, PADRE, MISSIONAÇÃO, IMPÉRIO COLONIAL PORTUGUÊS, CRISTIANISMO, RELIGIÃO CATÓLICA, RELIGION, MISSIONARY WORK, PORTUGUESE COLONIAL EMPIRE, CHRISTIANISM, CATHOLIC RELIGION
Citação
Veríssimo , N 2008 , ' Pedagogia da salvação segundo a Arte de Criar bem os Filhos na Idade da Puerícia, de Alexandre de Gusmão ' , Revista Lusófona de Ciência das Religiões . https://doi.org/10.60543/rlcr.v0i13-14.3907