Closing the loop : a systematic review of experience-driven game adaptation

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dc.contributor.authorLopes, Phil
dc.contributor.authorFachada, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Maria
dc.contributor.institutionECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information Technologies
dc.contributor.institutionHEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction Lab
dc.contributor.institutionCOPELABS - Cognitive and People-centric Computing
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-18T15:05:02Z
dc.date.available2025-08-18T15:05:02Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-02
dc.description.abstractAdaptive game systems aim to enrich player experiences by dynamically adjusting game content in response to user data. While extensive research has addressed content personalization and player experience modeling, the integration of these components into fully operational adaptive gameplay systems remains limited. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, analyzes 17 empirical studies published between January 2015 and May 2024, identifying and analyzing approaches that implement the complete experience-driven loop -- including player sensing, modeling, and content adaptation. Game telemetry remains the most prevalent sensing modality, although other non-invasive methods suitable for affective modeling -- such as facial expression analysis (FEA) and peripheral interaction data -- remain underutilized despite their potential for real-time emotional inference. Knowledge-based methods, such as rule-based systems and heuristics, dominate modeling and adaptation due to their interpretability and low resource demands, whereas machine learning approaches face challenges related to data availability and transparency. Despite their relevance to immersive and therapeutic experiences, affective states such as stress and anxiety remain largely ignored, as systems continue to favor performance over emotion-sensitive adaptation. These findings highlight a crucial research direction: advancing emotionally responsive game systems that move beyond performance optimization by incorporating underutilized sensing modalities -- such as FEA and peripheral interaction -- to enable real-time affect-driven personalization. Advancing in this direction holds strong potential to increase immersion, personalize gameplay, and support affect regulation across entertainment and therapeutic contexts.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was partially funded by: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, https://ror.org/00snfqn58) under Grants HEI-Lab ref. UIDB/05380/2020, Centro de Tecnologias e Sistemas (CTS) ref. UIDB/00066/2020, and COFAC ref. CEECINST/00002/2021/CP2788/CT0001; and, Instituto Lusófono de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (ILIND, Portugal) under Project COFAC/ILIND/COPELABS/1/2024
dc.identifier.citationLopes, P, Fachada, N & Fonseca, M 2025 'Closing the loop : a systematic review of experience-driven game adaptation'. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.01351
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.01351
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10437/15497
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.subjectGAMES
dc.subjectGAME DESIGN
dc.subjectUSER EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectJOGOS
dc.subjectDESIGN DE JOGOS
dc.subjectEXPERIÊNCIA DO UTILIZADOR
dc.titleClosing the loop : a systematic review of experience-driven game adaptationen
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