Da Carl Schmitt a Niccolò Machiavelli. La Politica o il Pessimismo Antropologico
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Data
2013
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
1513-2013. Quinhentos anos de
Il Principe
, de Maquiavel, são boa ocasião para
relembrar que o Secretário florentino deu o pontapé de saída para o arranque
da ciência política. Chamou-a à terra, procurou racionalmente encontrar um
ponto de observação que lhe permitisse compreender os comportamentos dos
homens em sociedade e, em particular, nas suas relações com o poder de um
príncipe. Partiu de uma antropologia pessimista ancorada numa natureza hu
-
mana complexa, volúvel e instável e verificou que uma razão política estrategi
-
camente orientada deve seguir com atenção as ondulações do comportamento
humano se quiser atingir os seus objetivos. Também se pode dizer que tornou
explícito aquilo que o realismo político há muito vinha praticando sem plena
autoconsciência e sem sistematização. Carl Schmitt ancorou nele essa ideia de
que a política só progride lá onde há pessimismo antropológico e onde, claro, a
política procura administrá-lo da forma mais eficaz. Maquiavel retirou à política
a ganga teológica e moral, devolvendo-a pragmaticamente aos exercícios da ra
-
zão instrumental ao serviço do governo eficaz. E foi por isso que chegou longe,
apesar de tantos clássicos do pensamento, designadamente italiano, o terem
incompreensivelment esquecido
1513-2013. Five hundred years of Machiavelli’s Il Principe are a good occasion to remember that the Florentine Secretary gave the kick-off for the start of po - litical science. Calling it to the ground, he tried to rationally find a vantage point that would allow him to understand the behaviour of men in society and parti - cularly in its relations with the power of a prince. He started from a pessimistic anthropology anchored in a complex, volatile and unstable human nature and verified that, to achieve its objectives, a strategically oriented political reason must follow the ripples of human behaviour closely. One can also say that he made explicit what without full self-consciousness and without systematization political realism had long been practicing. Carl Schmitt anchored in him the idea that politics can only progress where there is anthropological pessimism and in which, of course, politics seek to manage it most effectively. Machiavelli with - drew theological and moral principles from politics, pragmatically returning it to the exercise of instrumental reason. And that is why he has gone so far, althou - gh so many Italian thinkers have incomprehensibly forgotten him
1513-2013. Five hundred years of Machiavelli’s Il Principe are a good occasion to remember that the Florentine Secretary gave the kick-off for the start of po - litical science. Calling it to the ground, he tried to rationally find a vantage point that would allow him to understand the behaviour of men in society and parti - cularly in its relations with the power of a prince. He started from a pessimistic anthropology anchored in a complex, volatile and unstable human nature and verified that, to achieve its objectives, a strategically oriented political reason must follow the ripples of human behaviour closely. One can also say that he made explicit what without full self-consciousness and without systematization political realism had long been practicing. Carl Schmitt anchored in him the idea that politics can only progress where there is anthropological pessimism and in which, of course, politics seek to manage it most effectively. Machiavelli with - drew theological and moral principles from politics, pragmatically returning it to the exercise of instrumental reason. And that is why he has gone so far, althou - gh so many Italian thinkers have incomprehensibly forgotten him
Descrição
ResPublica : Revista Lusófona de Ciência Política, Segurança e Relações Internacionais
Palavras-chave
MAQUIAVEL, NICOLAU, SCHMITT, CARL, CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA, PESSIMISMO, ANTROPOLOGIA POLÍTICA, NATUREZA HUMANA, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PESSIMISM, POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, HUMAN NATURE