Critical thinking education in the portuguese higher education institutions : a systematic review of educational practices
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Data
2018
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
A educação do Pensamento Crítico (PC) tem sido uma preocupação crescente no contexto do Ensino Superior (ES) português, tanto para satisfazer as necessidades do mercado de trabalho, como para responder aos desafios societais cada vez mais complexos. No entanto, há ainda uma carência de estudos sistemáticos de revisão da literatura que caracterizem as diferentes práticas educativas de PC adotadas pelos docentes universitários. Assim, a presente revisão pretende compreender em que sentido os docentes portugueses do ES têm desenvolvido competências e disposições de PC nos seus alunos, de forma contínua, explícita e eficaz. Seguindo as etapas de métodos de revisão da literatura, foram analisados 27 estudos empíricos. Os resultados mostram que, embora as práticas educativas de PC tenham aumentado gradualmente ao longo dos anos, as mesmas tendem a ser adotadas de forma implícita, não-intencional e em curtos períodos de tempo, desvalorizando o desenvolvimento de disposições de PC em sala de aula. Verifica-se a necessidade da existência de estudos complementares (experimentais, longitudinais), a fim de avaliar a permanência ou generalização do PC nos estudantes. Trabalhos futuros deverão estimular uma discussão mais aprofundada sobre como superar as dificuldades encontradas, orientando docentes e instituições de ES no desenvolvimento, suporte e avaliação de práticas educativas de PC.
Critical Thinking (CT) education has been a field of growing concern within the Portuguese Higher Education (HE) context, in an attempt to meet the labour market needs and the most demanding and complex societal challenges. However, there is a lack of systematic literature review studies characterizing the different CT educational practices adopted by faculty teachers. Thus, this review intends to understand to what extent the Portuguese teachers in HE have been developing CT skills and dispositions in their students, in a continuous, explicit and effective way. Following the steps of review methods, 27 empirical studies complying with the inclusion criteria were analysed. Results show that CT educational practices are gradually increasing over the years, but they tend to be developed with an implicit, non-intentional and short-term basis, neglecting the development of CT dispositions in the classroom. Studies from different nature are needed (experimental, longitudinal) in order to assess the permanency or generalization of CT in students. Several difficulties were found and future work should stimulate the discussion on the ways to overcome them, guiding HE teachers and institutions in the development, support and evaluation of CT practices.
Critical Thinking (CT) education has been a field of growing concern within the Portuguese Higher Education (HE) context, in an attempt to meet the labour market needs and the most demanding and complex societal challenges. However, there is a lack of systematic literature review studies characterizing the different CT educational practices adopted by faculty teachers. Thus, this review intends to understand to what extent the Portuguese teachers in HE have been developing CT skills and dispositions in their students, in a continuous, explicit and effective way. Following the steps of review methods, 27 empirical studies complying with the inclusion criteria were analysed. Results show that CT educational practices are gradually increasing over the years, but they tend to be developed with an implicit, non-intentional and short-term basis, neglecting the development of CT dispositions in the classroom. Studies from different nature are needed (experimental, longitudinal) in order to assess the permanency or generalization of CT in students. Several difficulties were found and future work should stimulate the discussion on the ways to overcome them, guiding HE teachers and institutions in the development, support and evaluation of CT practices.
Descrição
Revista Lusófona de Educação
Palavras-chave
EDUCAÇÃO, ENSINO SUPERIOR, PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS, REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA, EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION, EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW
Citação
Cruz , G , Payan Carreira , R & Dominguez , C 2018 , ' Critical thinking education in the portuguese higher education institutions : a systematic review of educational practices ' , Revista Lusófona de Educação . https://doi.org/10.24140/issn.1645-7250.rle38.03