Museologia, políticas públicas e sustentabilidade : um estudo de caso sobre o financiamento de museus no Rio de Janeiro
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2020
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Esta é uma pesquisa organizada com base na investigação científica e que aproxima as áreas da museologia e das políticas culturais de financiamento à cultura no Brasil. Buscar a sustentabilidade da área cultural brasileira tem uma trajetória difícil, sobretudo para as instituições com a complexidade como a dos museus. O processo de construção de uma política pública de financiamento para museus no Brasil não é diferente do dos outros setores culturais, todos enfrentam há muito tempo a primazia das leis de incentivo à cultura como principal mecanismo de fomento à cultura no Brasil e a consequente falta de recursos próprios das esferas governamentais, não somente para exercer as suas políticas públicas, bem como para garantir o financiamento e a autonomia de suas principais instituições. Agrega-se a isso a ausência de compreensão da cultura e dos museus como agentes da economia da cultura e da economia criativa e o seu papel no desenvolvimento econômico e social. Em 2003, Gilberto Gil assume o Ministério da Cultura e inicia um projeto inédito de estruturação das políticas culturais, a curto e longo prazo. Na área dos museus esse projeto tomou forma com a Política Nacional de Museus, institucionalização do Sistema Brasileiro de Museus e, por fim, a criação do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus (IBRAM). A estruturação de uma política setorial em âmbito nacional influenciou a atuação nas esferas públicas estaduais e municipais, desde as políticas públicas até os processos de financiamento aos museus. Neste trabalho, pretendemos apresentar essa história de perto, mostrando os paradigmas da política atual de financiamento à cultura, a partir do estudo de caso do Edital de Desenvolvimento Institucional de Museus, realizado pela Secretaria de Estado de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro, apontando afinidades, retrocessos e avanços necessários que podem contribuir para a consolidação de uma política de financiamento da área de museus.
This research is organized based on scientific investigation and approximates museology to public policies of culture funding in Brazil. It has never been easy to ensure the sustainability of the Brazilian culture area, especially regarding institutions as complex as museums. The development process of museum funding policies in Brazil is no different from other cultural sectors: all face the primacy of the Culture Incentives Law as the main financing mechanism in Brazil and the resulting lack of specific resources from different government branches, not only to implement their public policies but also to ensure the funding and the autonomy of their main institutions. In addition to that is the lack of understanding about the role of culture and museums as agents of the cultural economy and the creative economy, and their role in the social and economic development. In 2003, Gilberto Gil assumes the Culture Ministry and begins an unprecedented project of structuring cultural policies, for both short- and long-term. In the museums area, this project was underpinned by the National Policies of Museums, the institutionalization of the Brazilian System of Museums and, lastly, the creation of the Brazilian Institute of Museums (IBRAM). The formation of a national sectoral policy influenced the performance of public branches at the State and Municipal levels, impacting from the design of public policies up to the funding processes of museums. This dissertation will scrutinize the details behind this process, showing the paradigms of current culture financing policies, having as starting point the case study of the Institutional Development of Museums’ Funding Tender, carried out by the State Secretariat for Culture of Rio de Janeiro, pin pointing the affinities, setbacks and the necessary improvements that can contribute to the consolidation of a financing policy for the museums.
This research is organized based on scientific investigation and approximates museology to public policies of culture funding in Brazil. It has never been easy to ensure the sustainability of the Brazilian culture area, especially regarding institutions as complex as museums. The development process of museum funding policies in Brazil is no different from other cultural sectors: all face the primacy of the Culture Incentives Law as the main financing mechanism in Brazil and the resulting lack of specific resources from different government branches, not only to implement their public policies but also to ensure the funding and the autonomy of their main institutions. In addition to that is the lack of understanding about the role of culture and museums as agents of the cultural economy and the creative economy, and their role in the social and economic development. In 2003, Gilberto Gil assumes the Culture Ministry and begins an unprecedented project of structuring cultural policies, for both short- and long-term. In the museums area, this project was underpinned by the National Policies of Museums, the institutionalization of the Brazilian System of Museums and, lastly, the creation of the Brazilian Institute of Museums (IBRAM). The formation of a national sectoral policy influenced the performance of public branches at the State and Municipal levels, impacting from the design of public policies up to the funding processes of museums. This dissertation will scrutinize the details behind this process, showing the paradigms of current culture financing policies, having as starting point the case study of the Institutional Development of Museums’ Funding Tender, carried out by the State Secretariat for Culture of Rio de Janeiro, pin pointing the affinities, setbacks and the necessary improvements that can contribute to the consolidation of a financing policy for the museums.
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Orientação: Mario Caneva Moutinho
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DOUTORAMENTO EM MUSEOLOGIA, MUSEOLOGIA, MUSEOLOGY, POLÍTICA PÚBLICA, PUBLIC POLICY, DESENVOLVIMENTO, DEVELOPMENT, SUSTENTABILIDADE, SUSTAINABILITY, MUSEUS, MUSEUMS, BRASIL, BRAZIL