ULHT/HEI-Lab - Digital Human- Environment Interaction Lab

URI permanente desta comunidade:

http://hdl.handle.net/10437/12390

Navegar

A mostrar 1 - 20 de 73

Academic procrastination : psychological impact and predictor aspects under the self-determination theory
(Asociación Española de Psicología Conductual (AEPC), 2019) Pereira, Janaina Fagundes Silva Morgado; Gonzalez, Bárbara Isabel Dinis
Background: Academic procrastination is a dynamic phenomenon involving personal, behavioral and environmental aspects and is characterized by delaying the beginning or the ending of an academic task, in a purposeful and frequent way. As such, it generates a subjective discomfort associated with negative psychological consequences in students. Very few studies have investigated procrastination within the frame of the self determination theory, and specifically in the context of basic psychological needs satisfaction. This study aims to explore the relation among academic procrastination, basic psychological needs satisfaction, coping strategies (with a focus on proactive coping), and depression, anxiety and stress. Methods: 211 university students with ages between 18 and 44 years (M = 24.23; DP = 5.72), most of them being females (56.4%), have participated in this transversal study, and fulfilled the Questionnaire of Procrastination in Study, the Basic Psychologic Needs Satisfaction Scale, the Questionnaire of Reactions to Daily Events and the Scale of Anxiety, Depression and Stress-21. Results: The correlation analysis verified that academic procrastination has a negative relation with basic psychological needs satisfaction, and proactive coping, and a positive relation with avoidance coping, and with anxiety, depression and stress. A mediation analysis identified proactive coping as a partial mediator of the relation between basic psychological needs satisfaction and procrastination. Conclusion: The non-satisfaction of the basic psychological needs in students is related to the usage of less adaptative coping strategies, and seems to prevent the use of more effective proactive strategies. On the other hand, those strategies lead to procrastination, which has a negative psychological impact. As such, an intervention based on the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs in the academic context is considered relevant
Adaptive Non-Immersive VR Environment for Eliciting Fear of Cockroaches : a Physiology-Driven Approach Combined with 3D-TV Exposure
(International Journal of Psychological Research, 2020) Rosa, Pedro Joel; Luz, FIlipe Costa; Junior, Roberto; Oliveira, Jorge; Morais, Diogo; Gamito, Pedro
Non-immersive VR environments are related to the least interactive application of VR techniques, such that interaction with the VR environment can occur commonly by 3D-TV without full immersion into the environment. This study presents how 3D-TV exposure combined with physiology recording can elicit fear of cockroaches among individuals with different levels of fear. Thirty-six participants, set apart into three fear groups (low vs. moderate vs. high), were exposed to VR environment with cockroaches for 4 minutes while recording and using cardiac activity as input to the VR environment. Results revealed significant effects on self-report measures and heart rate between different fear groups. Moreover, participants with higher levels of fear were more likely to trigger cockroaches into the scenario due to their cardiac acceleration. Overall results suggest that our physiology-driven VR environment is valid for fear elicitation while having potential use in therapeutic domain.
Aggressive communication style as predictor of cyberbullying, emotional wellbeing, and personal moral beliefs in adolescence
(2021) Pereira, Nádia Margarida Salgado; Ferreira, Paula Alexandra Nunes da Costa; Simão, Ana Margarida Vieira da Veiga; Paulino, Ana Paula Oliveira; Oliveira, Sofia; Mora Merchan, Joaquin A.
Different forms of verbal aggression are often presented in cyberbullying and are used to harm others in online communication. This study proposed to understand the influence of an aggressive communication style on adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, their emotional well-being, and personal moral beliefs. A convenience sample of 218 adolescents (Mage = 14.67, SD = 0.84, 53% girls) in Portugal responded to questionnaires. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to test mediating effects. An aggressive communication style may lead adolescents to perceive cyberbullying behavior as fair, and to decrease their emotional well-being. Moreover, this communication style may contribute to adolescents’ intentions to engage in cyberbullying, and whether they believe this type of behavior is fair or unfair may determine those intentions. These findings contribute to an understanding of determiners of cyberbullying and the provision of insights to develop school interventions in this field.
Assessing the Unidimensionality of Clayton’s Environmental Identity Scale Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (bifactor-ESEM)
(University of California Press, 2021) Moreira, Paulo; Loureiro, Ana Luisa Cardoso Marques Teixeira; Inman, Richard; Olivos-Jara, Pablo
A relevant intrapersonal characteristic for understanding intentions and behavior toward environmental sustainability is the degree to which nature is important for a person’s self-definition. Clayton’s Environmental Identity (EID) scale purports to measure this construct. However, a limited number of prior exploratory studies of this measure have supported different factor structures. Hence, our initial aim was to develop an understanding of the dimensionality of Clayton’s 24-item EID scale by testing competing latent structures using confirmatory factor analysis. We analyzed self-reported data from 458 adults (Mage = 26.7 years; 81% female). Four a priori models (a first-order model, a second-order model, a unidimensional model, and a bifactor model) did not show satisfactory fit to the data. An ancillary analysis using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (bifactor-ESEM) indicated a bifactor model with three specific factors had a good fit to the data. The factor loadings of this model and values for bifactor indices (Omega Hierarchical and Explained Common Variance [ECV]) indicated a single mean score across all EID scale items taps into an essentially unidimensional construct and is therefore appropriate to interpret. In sum, our study provides a critical insight into the dimensionality of Clayton’s EID scale that will be valuable when applying this measure for research and intervention purposes.
Attitudes of Police Recruits Toward Offenders: The Impact of the Police Training on Attitudinal Change
(2021-10-06) Cunha, Olga Cecília Soares da; Carvalho, Filipa; Rodrigues, Andreia de Castro; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Cruz, Ana Rita Pereira da
The traditional prevailing perspectives on attitudes assume that attitudes, once formed, are relatively stable over time. However, research has revealed that attitudes may be influenced by different factors that may contribute to change them. The present longitudinal study aims to understand if the police recruits’ attitudes towards offenders change after police training. Besides, we aim to understand the impact of sociodemographic and personality variables on recruits’ attitudes towards offenders and which variables predict recruits’ attitudes. The Attitude Scale towards Offenders (ATO) and the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory were used in a sample of 74 recruits of a Portuguese Police Force - Guarda Nacional Republicana -, in two distinct moments (at the beginning and at the end of the police training programme). Results revealed that at the end of the training recruits hold more negative attitudes towards offenders. Those who had previous professional experience in the army hold more positive attitudes, but only at the beginning of the training. Only attitudes towards offenders at the beginning of the police training predict recruits’ attitudes towards offenders at the end of the training. These results emphasize the importance of initial and continuous training of recruits and police officers, especially in terms of their attitudes towards offenders.
Basic psychological needs, procrastination and coping in the context of healthy aging
(Springer, 2020) Silva, Janaína; Gonzalez, Bárbara Isabel Dinis
Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance among Portuguese Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence
(2021) Cunha, Olga Cecília Soares da; Peixoto, Maria Manuela; Cruz, Ana Rita Pereira da; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa
This study was conducted at Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). The study was also supported by Grant SFRH/ BD/66110/2009 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology awarded to the first author.
A Cluster Analysis on Sexual Boredom Profiles in A Community Sample of Men and Women
(The Journal of Sex Researc, 2021-06-11) Oliveira, Leonor B. de; Rosa, Pedro Joel; Carvalho, Joana Patrícia Pereira de; Nobre, Pedro
Research evidence of the attributes of sexual boredom is extremely limited. Understanding variability in the experience of sexual boredom may offer relevant insights for the field of human sexuality. This study aimed to explore the co-occurrence of sexual boredom and other sexuality-related dimensions. The sample consisted of 1021 participants aged between 18 and 75 years old (M = 32.68, SD = 8.79). A genderstratified cluster analysis was performed to classify individuals regarding their scores on sexual boredom, general boredom, sexual sensation seeking, sexual desire, sexual excitation, sexual pleasure, and sexual satisfaction. A three-cluster solution was revealed for both men and women. Based on our findings, we put forward a profile for the sexually bored individual, who is more likely to be married or cohabiting with a partner, to have a boredom prone personality, to lack sexual sensation seeking, experience low sexual pleasure and satisfaction, and to present with sexual arousal and/or desire problems. Women dealing with sexual boredom might present low sexual desire for their partner but experience high sex desire for attractive others. Results are critically discussed and implications for sexual therapy explored.
Cognitive Stimulation of Elderly Individuals with Instrumental Virtual Reality-Based Activities of Daily Life
(2019-01-01) Gamito, Pedro; Oliveira, Jorge; Morais, Diogo; Coelho, Cátia; Santos, Nuno; Alves, Catarina; Galamba, Ana; Soeiro, Miguel; Brito, Rodrigo
As the demographic structure in western societies ages, the prevalence and impact of cognitive decline rises. Thus, new solutions to tackle this problem are required. The use of Information and Communication Tech- nologies (ICT)-based cognitive exercises has emerged in the last few decades, though with inconsistent results. Hence, we conducted a pre-post treatment study to further investigate this approach. We designed a set of virtual reality exercises that mimic activities of daily living by which the patient can train different cognitive domains. Twenty-five participants, ages 65–85, underwent 12 training sessions between the pre-treatment and post-treatment assessments. Significant increases were seen between the two assessments for some of the neuropsychological measures: visual memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Results also suggest that participants with lower baseline cognitive performance levels improved most after these sessions.
Community sanctions: Offenders’ perceptions about their appropriateness
(2021) Andrade, Joana Raquel Mendes; Cruz, Ana Rita Pereira da; Cunha, Olga Cecília Soares da; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Rodrigues, Andreia de Castro
Cómo afrontar una catástrofe : percepción de riesgo y factores psicosociales de la adaptación
(Ediciones de la Universidad Castilla la Mancha, 2020) Olivos-Jara, Pablo, ed. lit.; Navarro, Oscar, ed. lit.; Loureiro, Ana Luísa Cardoso Marques Teixeira, ed. lit.
La tierra se mueve, y sus habitantes con ella. Las nuevas tecnologías nos han vuelto testigos en primera fila de catástrofes naturales colosales en lo que llevamos de siglo, cuyo impacto ha quedado grabado entre los peores records mundiales. El terremoto de Indonesia en 2004, el segundo más fuerte del mundo desde que existen registros, que provocó un tsunami con olas de hasta 30 metros; el terremoto de Chile en 2010, que desplazó el eje de la tierra acortando el día en 1,26 microsegundos; el tsunami que en 2012 devastó Fukushima, provocando uno de los desastres tecnológicos más impactantes de la historia; solo por mencionar algunos casos, que hoy se ven incrementados por riesgos de incendios e inundaciones debido al cambio climático. Esta es una obra que aporta contenidos y teorías para el análisis de las situaciones de catástrofe desde el punto de vista psicosocial, pero también recoge las experiencias de primera mano de los supervivientes. Nos plantea un intenso viaje por los entresijos de catástrofes de la naturaleza de gran intensidad, como terremotos e inundaciones. Participan 30 autores de 8 países, europeos y latinoamericanos, psiquiatras y psicólogos, investigadores y profesionales aplicados de los sistemas de salud y comunitarios, que a lo largo de nueve capítulos de investigación sobre casos reales nos sitúan tras la primera línea de impacto e intervención. Es un libro para estudiantes que se inician en la formación psicosocial, profesores que enseñan las claves teóricas y conceptuales de la intervención en crisis basados en datos empíricos, profesionales de la intervención que buscan reflejos de su experiencia en otros casos, y también para el lector habitual que busca respuestas ante la incertidumbre en que nos sume la naturaleza..
Computerized cognitive training using virtual reality on everyday life activities for patients recovering from stroke
(2020-04-07) Oliveira, Jorge; Gamito, Pedro; Lopes, Beatriz; Silva, Ana Rute Tavares; Galhordas, João; Pereira, Eduarda; Ramos, Elisabete; Silva, Ana Paula Lopes da; Jorge, Áurea; Fantasia, António
Recent studies argue that the use of virtual reality tasks depicting activities daily living may be an effective means for cognitive rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to test an ecologically oriented approach in virtual reality resembling the demands of everyday life activities for cognitive rehabilitation following stroke. The sample comprised 30 sub-acute stroke patients recovering from stroke in a rehabilitation hospital. They were assessed in a single-arm pre-post intervention study on global cognition, executive functions, memory and attention abilities. The intervention consisted of virtual reality in a multidomain cognitive training approach depicting everyday life tasks (preparing food, choosing clothes, shopping, etc.). Improvements were found in the assessed cognitive domains at 6 to 10 post-treatment sessions. In-depth analysis through reliable change scores has suggested larger treatment effects on global cognition. Overall results suggest that the use of virtual reality-based exercises on everyday life activities may be a useful cognitive rehabilitation approach to provide short-term gains in cognition following stroke.
Connectedness and well-being in simulated nature
(Wiley, 2021) Pasca, Laura; Carrus, Giuseppe; Loureiro, Ana Luisa Cardoso Marques Teixeira; Navarro, Oscar; Panno, Angelo; Tapía-Follen, Cesar; Aragonés, Juan Ignacio
People relate to nature physically, cognitively and emotionally, and this relationship fosters their well-being. There are several types of environments that vary according to their degree of naturalness, raising the question of whether they each exert different effects on people, connectedness and well-being. In order to study the extent to which environmental connectedness and well-being are a function of viewing different types of nature, we conducted a study with 454 participants from five different countries, who viewed images on a computer screen of one of three types of environment (totally natural, quasi-natural or non-natural) and responded to a series of associated items. The results of a mediation analysis showed an indirect effect of type of environment on well-being through positive and negative affect and connectedness to nature. The corresponding ANOVAs revealed differences in the connectedness and well-being elicited by different types of environment, and in preference: totally natural and quasi-natural environments (with no differences between them) showed differences with non-natural environments. Therefore, our study results suggest the usefulness of images of natural environments in fostering people's well-being and connectedness to nature.
Consolidación memoria implícita : efecto de la valencia emocional y tiempo de exposición mediante el uso de priming perceptual
(Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos de Psicología, 2019) Polo, Javier; Castillo-Parra, Henry; Rosa, Pedro Joel; Oliveira, Jorge
Se estudió el efecto de la valencia emocional y los tiempos de exposición en la consolidación de la memoria implícita mediante el uso del paradigma de priming perceptual enmascarado modificado, con reconocimiento de emociones bajo condiciones de consciencia limitada. Se presentaron rostros priming con expresiones emocionales de felicidad, rabia y neutro, en tiempos de exposición de 17ms, 33ms y 83 ms; posteriormente, los sujetos ejecutaron la tarea de memoria implícita, la cual consistía en recordar la emoción del rostro target de la primera tarea. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a nivel de la valencia emocional entre los diferentes tiempos de exposición en la tarea de procesamiento perceptual, en comparación con la tarea de consolidación de la memoria implícita a nivel de los tiempos de reacción. Igualmente, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los tiempos de exposición al comparar la tarea de procesamiento perceptual y la de consolidación de la memoria implícita. Los resultados obtenidos explican que existe una correlación entre las respuestas correctas de esta última tarea y las valencias emocionales, con cada uno de los tres tiempos de exposición. Estos resultados sugieren que las valencias emocionales influyen diferencialmente en las tareas de procesamiento perceptual y consolidación de la memoria implícita.
COVID-19 and disenfranchised grief
(Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021) Albuquerque, Sara; Teixeira, Ana Margarida; Rocha, José Carlos
Cultural differences in vocal emotion recognition: a behavioural and skin conductance study in Portugal and Guinea-Bissau
(Psychological Research, 2021) Cosme, Gonçalo; Tavares, Vânia; Nobre, Guilherme; Lima, César; Sá, Rui Miguel Moutinho; Rosa, Pedro Joel; Prata, Diana
Cross-cultural studies of emotion recognition in nonverbal vocalizations not only support the universality hypothesis for its innate features, but also an in-group advantage for culture-dependent features. Nevertheless, in such studies, differences in socio-economic-educational status have not always been accounted for, with idiomatic translation of emotional concepts being a limitation, and the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms still un-researched. We set out to investigate whether native residents from Guinea-Bissau (West African culture) and Portugal (Western European culture)—matched for socio-economic-educational status, sex and language—varied in behavioural and autonomic system response during emotion recognition of nonverbal vocalizations from Portuguese individuals. Overall, Guinea–Bissauans (as out-group) responded significantly less accurately (corrected p < .05), slower, and showed a trend for higher concomitant skin conductance, compared to Portuguese (as in-group)—findings which may indicate a higher cognitive effort stemming from higher difficulty in discerning emotions from another culture. Specifically, accuracy differences were particularly found for pleasure, amusement, and anger, rather than for sadness, relief or fear. Nevertheless, both cultures recognized all emotions above-chance level. The perceived authenticity, measured for the first time in nonverbal cross-cultural research, in the same vocalizations, retrieved no difference between cultures in accuracy, but still a slower response from the out-group. Lastly, we provide—to our knowledge—a first account of how skin conductance response varies between nonverbally vocalized emotions, with significant differences (p < .05). In sum, we provide behavioural and psychophysiological data, demographically and language-matched, that supports cultural and emotion effects on vocal emotion recognition and perceived authenticity, as well as the universality hypothesis.
Depression, Social Support, Executive Functioning, Functionality, and Quality of Life in Institutionalized Elderly People
(2019-12) Ribeiro, Anabela; Rosa, Beatriz; Oliveira, Jorge; Lopes, Paulo Jorge Ferreira
Aim: Our aim was to study the executive functioning, functionality, and quality of life of institutionalized old aged persons and to determine the potential roles of self-reported depression and satisfaction with social support on these domains. Method: The sample comprised 36 volunteers (13 males and 23 females) aged between 71 and 94 years. The measures used consisted of well-established battery of neuropsychological tests. A comparative study was performed. Results: Participants with depressive symptoms shown impaired executive functioning. Cognitive flexibility, functionality in instrumental activities of daily living, and quality of life are more affected in participants with higher levels of depression that also report higher levels of satisfaction with social support. Conclusion: This result is intriguing and may highlight the relevance of considering not only depression, but also factors related to social isolation and loneliness in the explanation of cognitive performance, functionality, and quality of life.
Development and validation of the Portuguese version of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale
(Elsevier, 2018) Santos, Isabel Olímpia Figueiredo dos; Machado, Paulo Manuel Pinto Pereira Almeida; Esteves, Francisco Gomes
This article presents the psychometric properties for the Portuguese population of a brief self-report scale for diagnosing anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED): the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (Stice et al., 2000). Method: To study the psychometric properties of EDDS, an exploratory factor analysis was done first, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of three components and the confirmatory factor analysis showed a structure with three latent variables (Body and Weight Concerns, Binge Eating Behaviour and Compensatory Behaviours), with a second order variable (Eating Disorder Symptoms) with a good adjustment fit. The internal consistency and the test–retest correlations revealed an adequate reliability and the inter-correlations of the EDDS subscales with other measures of the same and different constructs, supported the convergent and discriminant validity of this measure. Conclusions: Summing up, the EDDS seems to be a useful measure to assess eating disorders symptomatology in the Portuguese population.
Diagnostic precision of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in assessing cognitive deficits in substance use disorders
(2021-04-01) Faustino, Bruno; Oliveira, Jorge; Lopes, Paulo Jorge Ferreira
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a widely used neuropsychological instrument to assess executive functions related to cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the diagnostic precision of this instrument in sub- stance use disorders. In this study, we aimed at assessing the sensitivity and specificity of the WCST in discriminating the performance of participants with substance use disorder with cognitive deficits and participants from the general population without cognitive defi- cits. The sample comprised three groups of participants with substance use disorders (opi- oid use disorder in harm reduction with methadone maintenance; opioid use disorder in treatment in a therapeutic community; alcohol use disorder in a therapeutic community) and a normative group of healthy adults. The total sample consisted of 587 participants that were assessed with cognitive tests for executive functions, general cognitive function- ing, and self-reported depression. The results showed differences between groups in most WCST variables, providing evidence of discriminant validity for this test. Convergent validity was also established by weak to moderate correlations with general cognitive functioning. Cutoff points based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for the WCST variables. Overall, the WCST was sensitive to changes in cognitive flexibility and abstract reasoning that are key features of substance use disorders.
Do parents of children with cancer want to participate in treatment decision-making?
(ICMJE, 2020) Salvador, Ágata; Crespo, Carla Alexandra Mesquita; Roberto, Magda Sofia; Barros, Luísa
Purpose: This study aimed to describe parents’ preferences regarding their role in treatment decision-making when a child has cancer and examines whether their preferences were related to the parents (sex and education level), patients’ characteristics (age group and treatment status), and healthcare context features (parents’ perception of family-centered care). Methods: Two-hundred and twenty-eight parents of children/adolescents with cancer were recruited from two Portuguese pediatric oncology wards. Participants provided sociodemographic and clinical information. The Control Preferences Scale for Pediatrics was used to assess the parents’ preferred role in treatment decision-making. The Measure of Process of Care assessed the parents’ perception of family-centered care (family-centered services and providing general information subscales). Results: Results showed that parents preferred a passive-collaborative role (44.8%), followed by collaborative (27.8%), passive (20.9%) and active-collaborative (6.5%). None preferred an active role. Chi-square test showed that most of the parents preferring an active-collaborative role had higher education degrees, while those preferring a passive role had lower education degrees. Additionally, groups did not differ according to the parents’ sex, patients’ age and treatment status. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that parents preferring an active-collaborative role reported lower scores on family-centered services compared to those preferring passive-collaborative and passive roles. Finally, no differences were found concerning providing general information scores. Conclusions: This study’s findings may guide professionals in identifying parents’ preferences regarding their participation in treatment decision-making process. Mapping their preferences may support professionals in promoting desirable levels of parental involvement when decisions are necessary in pediatric oncology context.

Navegar

Percorrer ULHT/HEI-Lab - Digital Human- Environment Interaction Lab por título

Resultados por página

Opções de ordenação