Cadernos de Sociomuseologia nº 06 (1996) : ICTOP 26th annual conference
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Item Pour une formation muséologique contextualisée à réinventer en permanence(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Mayrand, PierreN’ayant pas tout à fait saisi la portée et le sens du thème proposé pour la conférence “Une formation pour un musée universel”, dois-je comprendre qu’il devrait y avoir un seul modèle de formation pour l’ensemble des musées dans le monde ou bien que ceux-ci devraient refléter en premier lieu des préoccupations dites universelles? Partisan initiateur, militant et formateur de la nouvelle muséologie dans ses composantes sociales et de développement régional, s’appuyant sur les pratiques les plus évoluées de l’écomuséologie et de la démocratie culturelle, héritières de décennies d’action-recherche populaire autonome dans plusieurs régions du monde, je ne crois pas, si telle était la proposition, qu’il puisse y avoir un modèle universel de musée, ni une formation universelle desservant celui-ci.Item Integrated educational opportunities in the Universal Museum: five ways forward(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Moffat, HazelWhatever the other characteristics of the universal museum, education must be one of its core functions. That is, education both of regular visitors and those who are not but who are members of the local, regional or national communities served by the museum. In this sense, universal refers to making the museum accessible to all: accessible physically and intellectually. This relates to what I mean by education. It is far broader than what takes place between teachers and pupils in a formal setting. Education is also about providing environments where people will be inspired or provoked to know, to question. To reflect about themselves and the wider human and natural world. A universal museum should be a great facilitator of these learning processes. In this paper I shall focus on five ways in which there can be integration of educational opportunities in the universal museum. For examples to illustrate these themes I shall draw on practices in a small sample of museums in Europe and the USA.Item Musem Training Institute - its current status(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Newbery, ChrisMuseum Training Institute: Kershaw House, 55 Well Street, Bradford, BD1 5PS Britain’s system of vocational training and qualifications has been undergoing a fundamental revolution in recent years. The single most important feature of this revolution is the concept of competence - the ability to perform to the standards required in employment. It is in recognition of this ability that National and Scottish Vocational Qualifications are awarded.Item Universal Museum - universal language? Art historian - curator(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Rosenberg, PninaMarshal McLuhan’s prophetic vision of the global village is about to be realized. If we are aware of the fact that mass communication reduces the dimensions of our world and makes it more unified and universal, we should take this into consideration when planning the Universal Museum and the language that should be used in it. As curators, educators and museum staff we should not ignore the fact that the spectator/viewer is drawn to the exhibits not only by their own merit, but also guided and assisted by verbal messages, i. e. Labels, brochures. Catalogues etc. Hence, the crucial question is what we, the museologists, use as a means of communication when preparing for a Universal Museum. Should we use pictorial semiotics? This may be a partial solution, which is mainly restricted to objects that can be manipulated and moved by the visitor, as is the case in most of the technological museums. But since the range of objects on display at museums is vast and varied - fine art, archaeological finds, ethnographic objects etc., it may not be the answer to the whole spectrum of exhibits. Dr. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof, being an optimist, hoped that by introducing Esperanto to the multi-lingual world population, humanity would be able to bridge and diminish the gap of linguistic differences, thus creating a better understanding between the international communities. Unfortunately this vision was not realized. Esperanto was and still is an utopian and esoteric phenomenon. The barriers between nations still exist although, as mentioned earlier, mass media do help, in some ways, to reduce them.Item Guidelines for strategic national planning of training and education for museums, cultural heritage and related fields in Sweden and in international co-operation(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Rosvall, JanThe guidelines presented in this document are a preliminary strategy for establishing a comprehensive policy for the needs of training and education wiyhin the sector and adjoining areas, across fields of knowledge and professions concerned, on relevant levels and for the varies institutions and operators. The objective of these guidelines is to analysis the problems, objectives and goals for development of a far reaching system of educational and training programs and courses for museums, cultural heritage and related fields of activities. This objective comprises a close collaboration between museum, cultural heritage organizations and educating organizations, notably within universities and colleges, but also other kinds of educating bodies.Item Museum training to develop the social awareness of cultural identity in a time of universalization(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Marcoevi'c, IvoThe main theme of the ICTOP'94 Lisbon meeting is museum personnel training for the universal museum. At the very beginning it is important to identify what the notion universal museum can cover. It is necessary to underline the ambiguity of the term. On the one hand, the word 'universal' can be taken to refer to the variety of collected museum materials or museum collections, on the other hand it could refer to the efforts of the museum to be active outside the museum walls in order to achieve the integration of the heritage of a certain territory into a museological system. 'Universal' could also refer to the "new dimensions of reality: the fantastic reality of the virtual images, only existing in the human brain" (Scheiner 1994:7), which is very close to M. McLuhan's view of the world as a 'global village'. Thus, what is universal could be taken as being common and available to all the people of the world. 'Universal' can imply also the radical broadening of the concept of object: "mountain, silex, frog, waterfonts, stars, the moon ... everything is an object, with due fluctuations" (Hainard in Scheiner 1994: 7), which will cause the total involvement of the human being into his/her physical and spiritual environment. In the process of universalization, links between cultural and natural heritage and their links with human beings become more solid, helping to create a strong mutual interdependence.Item Working in partnership with the Museum Training Institute providing in service training for museum personnel(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Greeves, MargaretThe South Eastern Museums Service is one of ten Area Museums Councils in Great Britain. They are partnerships; membership organizations to which the 2 000 + museums belong. They provide advice, support, technical services, information and training for their members. They are the principal channel of government grant-in-aid to local government, university and independent museums. This funding comes from the Department of National Heritage via the Museums & Galleries Commission. At the South Eastern Museums Service I am responsible for the development and delivery of training for 600 museums in our region and the provision of information about museums and of interest to museums. This paper explains how we approach in-service training and the value of the definition of national standards for our work. It will pose some questions: What is training? What is a training need? and describe a new initiative, the development of training materials and their delivery.Item A new concept for museum training in Germany(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Ruge, AngelikaTo talk about a new concept for museum training seems perhaps, to be a little bit exaggerated. For long time you have all been talking about concepts and contents for museum training and as I figured out the debate on the topic in Germany is as old as the appearance of national museums in the 19th century. Men like Theodor Mommsen, Rudolph Virchow, Alfred Lichtwark, all well known historians and supporters of the museum idea, spoke and wrote not only about the importance of museums as cultural and educational institutions but also supported the idea of professionalisation of museums work. Some of the ideas of our ancestors are still part of an ongoing discussion. The topic of my talk today will be what king of personnel a museum of our time needs to cope with the growing demand for internal and external organization. I shall present to you a new training program for museum workers in Germany which aims not to produce a new group of researchers but to prepare students for the practical work in the museum field.Item Declaração de Lisboa: resoluções da Comissão Internacional de Formação de Pessoal (ICTOP)(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) ICTOPConsiderando que rápidas mudanças nas condições mundiais provocaram uma depreciação da herança natural e cultural, designadamente pela combinação dos interesses nacionais e internacionais; e, Considerando que há determinadas ideias e convicções que são fundamentais para a existência humana e a interconexão entre as pessoas, as pessoas e o ambiente, e as pessoas e a sua natureza universal; e, - Considerando que é necessário para os museus como instituições "ao serviço da sociedade e do seu desenvolvimento" assumirem um papel de liderança na comunidade internacional; - Assim, a Comissão Internacional de Formação de Pessoal, reunida em Lisboa, Portugal, de 3 de Outubro 1994, tomou as seguintes resoluções…Item Palavras de abertura(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Moutinho, Mário CanevaEm primeiro lugar desejo apresentar as boas vindas a todos os presentes e agradecer ao ICTOP na pessoa do Professor Piet Pow terem aceite o nosso comité para reunir em Lisboa, neste ano de Lisboa Capital Europeia da Cultura a sua 26ª Conferência, e à ULHT todo o apoio prestado para levar a bom termo esta reunião e aos amigos da APOM e do MINOM todo o trabalho feito e tambem aos alunos do nosso curso de Museologia Social.Item Introduction(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 1996) Segger, Martin"TRAINING FOR THE UNIVERSAL MUSEUM" addresses a theme of our time. A Canadian, Marshall McLuhan, coined the phrase "global village" for this age which has witnessed mass travel, mass communications, even mass credit. Are we now about to see the "mass museum", a museum presumably homogenized and popularized for whatever constitutes the greatest cohort of global visitor which might arrive on the doorsteps of every-museum, every-where? The contributors to this volume think not. But there is in these papers some evidence of worry that we as individuals and institutions responsible for the education and professional development of museum workers are failing to consider seriously the impacts of the "global" forces at work in modern societies. Angelica Ruge discusses how the Germans are re-organizing museum training into a cohesive scheme, searching out the best elements from the former two states that now comprise the new German state. Margaret Greeves and Chris Newbery document the British search for a value free (and universally applicable?) set of museological skills which will underpin performance standards in the workplace. Both of these papers offer a response to the redefinition of the post-modern national state which as we watch, is redrawing political boundaries on every continent, and emphasizing the portability of skills and learning for the itinerant knowledge-industry worker.