Revista Lusófona de Arquitectura e Educação nº 08-09 (2013)
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Item The demalling process in Italy(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Cavoto, Gabriele; Limonta, Giorgio; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe demise of retail buildings is a rather recent phenomenon, very common in the United States. Hundreds of shopping malls and big box stores are falling into decay and their failure influences, to some degrees, the contemporary and future evolution of retail buildings. Europe and Italy are not immune to the overgrowth dynamics of the retail system that have been observed in the United States, and the first cases of decline and crisis have already appeared in several Italian areas. Demalling, a technical term that defines the response to the decline and demise of shopping centres, represents a totally new urban challenge to redevelop vacant malls and big box stores. Features and issues arising from the conversion of retail buildings have been analyzed focusing on the Italian context, through two case studies: the abandoned shopping mall Euromercato in Casoria (Naples) and the closed grocery store Esselunga in Pioltello (Milan), transformed in an Health Centre.Item Amazon the rural shopping center—from a temporary business model to a spatial impact: a backstage landscape(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Pfanzelt, Alexander; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe distribution of goods in the world of Amazon is well known through their “1 click-order”. The reason, why more and more shops in this areas shut down. The today's market square is virtual and only one click away. Delivered the next day by DHL or UPS. This project will focus on a side effect of this system. In november and december 2012 during Christmas shopping the distribution centers have to be enormously enlarged with labor. For the hub in Graben around 3500 extra workers are needed for a period of 6 weeks. All of them are temporary workers, mostly students from all over the world, which come to Germany during this time. With this research the side effect of the organization system of a logistic hub will be shown. The transfer of people will be mapped and the impact on the rural places will be shown. They create a new type of landscape, called backstage landscape.Item Just a failed shopping-scape? Urban and public values of Le Mirail’s dalle(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Martín Domínguez, Guiomar; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe famous plan for Toulouse-Le Mirail, by Candilis/Josic/Woods (1961), proposed a radical and hitherto new public space, the dalle, an elevated linear ‘stem’ that wove the whole urban intervention and concentrated all the commercial, social and cultural activity of the neighbourhood. However, the project is today stigmatized as a total social failure. The dalle has been demolished and a traditional commercial street has been implemented. Was demolition the sole alternative for Le Mirail’s future? This paper aims at identifying certain themes around the conception of the dalle, capable of informing today’s theory and practice in the design of new shopping/public-scapes. It reflects on both the most positive values of the project and on its naiveties and mistakes, conscious of the social unrest that aggrandized them. Ultimately, it calls for a deeper reflection on the urban proposals of the Modern Movement, beyond demolition as the only possible solution.Item Community-oriented consumption and opportunities for change in shopping centre/mall design(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Máté, Kirsty; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesShopping centres are the bastions of the consumer age, promoting in their design the desire to continue to consume at an unsustainable rate. However there is growing evidence that new paradigms of consumption are emerging in developed countries, led by evolving technologies and online shopping, that are shifting consumer values and behaviours - and the environments in which we shop will need to adapt. Community-oriented consumption paradigms relate to behavioural changes that link people more closely, socially and/or culturally, with each other, providing a sense of community. These can be virtual or face-to-face. Collaborative consumption, the ‘Me vs We’ economies, service economies, the slow movement and prosumption are examples. This paper will discuss the variety of community-oriented consumption paradigms, addressing food as a linking concept, and their influence on shopping centre/mall design.Item Shocking ShoppingScapes(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Ramos, Isabel Joaquina; Freire, Maria da Conceição Marques; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoAs ShoppingScapes equivalem a paisagens auge de uma sociedade de consumo, otimista e incomportável – são espelho da cultura e do momento de crise em que vivemos, por isso paisagens a colapsar. Associado à inevitável circunstância de recuo das ShoppingScapes, defende-se uma nova dinâmica urbana centrada nas paisagens agrícolas em meio urbano. Olhamo-la como uma permuta – com significado na valorização da paisagem, aos níveis ecológicos, sociais e culturais – e sustentamo-lo na ideia de que a inevitabilidade da decadência de um dado espaço ou paisagem ou a comprovação do seu fracasso, conduz ao reavaliar das funções e dos valores em presença. No caso em estudo – a cidade de Évora – compreende a restituição na cidade contemporânea de áreas permeáveis, de bons solos e de retorno da função produtiva, agrícola, em meio urbano.Item Artificial mono-functionalism versus natural mixed-use: Case study of Bartók Béla avenue, Budapest(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Szendrei, Zsolt; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThese days one of the most important questions in connection with big cities is the functional diversity of the central areas. My research focuses on the connection between the rehabilitation of downtown, mixed-use developments and the problems of city usage. Among the new functional revitalizations a good example for top-down initiatives is the territory of Bartók Béla avenue, the south-eastern part of Budapest, because of the conscious functional rehabilitation by the local government. The artificial changes of the spontaneously shaped mixed-use territory of the district query the liveability and usability of the area. The research analyses the concentration of the different types of commercial and service functions and explores the temporal and spatial changes of the functional diversity and focuses on the sustainability effects of the multifunctional urban fields.Item Retail Design. Do we need a project instrument or a project tool?(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Lança, Luís; Loução, Maria Dulce; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesIn this communication we write about the evolution of the study of the design tools that support the methodological infrastructure of the Interior Design and Architecture professional practice with special regard to the tools mostly used by Retail Design. We intend to bring forward the concept that the study of the different design artifacts allow us to change the focus from the final product into the activities involved in its design process through a clarification of their participating role in the creative process. The common design tools used in design as the sketch and the physical scale model may in a near future evolve as instruments that incorporate the ability to answer the retail design special needs allowing processes of delegation, evaluation and control that characterize the instruments in other human activities. In our conclusion we offer some insights for future development of the research around this problem space.Item Changescapes: Walmart supercenters as catalysts for territorial change(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Caine, Ian; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis design research examines the cycle of growth and decline associated with Walmart Supercenters as a way to reconsider the transformation of suburban territories. The project utilizes case-study sites in San Antonio, Texas to establish three distinct Walmart Supercenter typologies: urban, suburban, and exurban. The central thesis asserts that many of the negative externalities that emerge from commercial big box developments result from the difference between the financial lifecycles of the building structures and the surrounding urban landscape. The project seeks to re-align these life-cycles: first, by examining the increments of change related to the various components of the big box development; and second, by re-proposing a framework within which the requisite change can be more productively managed.Item Re-imagining Pekan Kuah as the Rainforest Shopping Paradise of Langkawi(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Zubir, Syed Sobri; Yahya, Josmin; Mahdzub, Amira Fadhilah; Ab. Rahman, Rashidah; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis paper addresses Theme III: Architecture, Spatiality and Perception. Pekan Kuah, a small town on the legendary island of Langkawi is used as the exploratory setting. The rich bio-diversity provides major tourists’ attractions on Langkawi. Shopping does not. Its designation as a Duty-Free island status in 1987 had limited effect. The issue is how to turn Pekan Kuah into an inviting shopping environment for local and international visitors. This paper outlines the relationship between structures and objects that defines ‘shoppingscapes’ within a newly rejuvenated urban-shopping environment of this island town. The more urban part of the island need not be an isolated man-made district. The rich layering of tropical rainforest provides the inspiration. New structures not only provide a new kind of public spaces in Langkawi but also change the perception of public spaces there as a whole - thus transforming Pekan Kuah as the Rainforest Shopping Paradise of Langkawi.Item Linear Shopping(e)scape: shopping the Italian way(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Granello, Guido; Fabris, Luca; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe paper first focuses on the history of the urban places devoted to the commerce in the towns of the Italian peninsula and analyses the change the quality and quantity of exchanges and shopping places brought before into at the urban scale and then into the territorial one. From the ancient villages Market Square, to the Market Streets that made the fortune of many Italian cities, then to the Market Roads invented during the Italian Boom of the ‘60s during last century to the Market Motorway that characterises the nowadays commerce and the shopping centres constellations: all this is the heritage that shaped the continuous, linear shopping landscape present in Lombardy and Friuli Venezia Giulia. The essay tries to individuate some hypothesis starting from this picture in motion, taking count that Italy, beside its cultural and natural landscape, has been always also a living shopping-scape.Item A case study: to design a XL supermarket in the Netherlands and its consequences(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Veeger, T. T.; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesOn the outskirts of the centre of Eindhoven (a medium-sized town in the south of the Netherlands), an existing supermarket located along the ring road, which forms part of a chain named “Albert Heijn,” was doubled in size in 2002, making it the flagship of a new “extra large” formula, called “AH XL”. The existing establishment of the supermarket was completely transformed, both the interior and exterior. In this case study we will explain the thoughts and ideas behind the original concept from the perspective of the architect. The original material, such as sketches, models and presentations has been used to construct a timeline of the design process. This paper tries to make clear which stakeholders, references and external influences were important for the development of the final design.Item Skywalking in Hong Kong: disrupting flows in the consumerist wonderland(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Kwok, Evelyn; Spurr, Sam; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesHong Kong, a global city continuously expanding vertically and multiplying the opportunities for profit generation skywards. Networks of skywalks connect this vast shoppingscape, defining a directory of consumption that constantly shifts the experience and understanding of the city. This paper explores how the ‘consumerist wonderland’ of Hong Kong, with its fragmented identity and glorified perception of consumption, has produced an urban, spatial situation that has seamlessly circulated the flow of consumption, yet been unintentionally subverted by a passively accepted foreign force. This surprising urban guerrilla inserts a recurring, un-commoditized event that breaks the assumption of continuous consumption. Their domestication of these skywalks dedicated to consumer spending and absolute convenience, propose an alternative form of civic engagement in the contemporary urban shoppingscape. Additionally, this paper will assist in extrapolating the parallels and reciprocity between the occupations of the elevated walkways and the urban terrain of Hong Kong.Item The Alcaicería of Granada (Spain): From a silk trade center to a post-touristic shopping-scape(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Muñoz, Juan; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThe Alcaicería of Granada is a contemporary post-touristic shopping-scape with deeps roots in history. In the Medieval Arab world, the term al-qaysāriyya described a commercial institution for the silk trade as well as an architectonic typology. In Al-Andalus, the typology was a cluster of shops located in the center of the main cities. After the Reconquest, these structures were maintained and alcaicerías were even built, as commercial spaces, in America and the Philippines. The decline of the silk trade provoked their disappearance, with the exception of Granada's. The chronicle of the Alcaicería of Granada begins with a "transaction document" (1460), continues with its reconstruction in Alhambresque style (1843) and its conversion into a theme market for handcrafts (1940), to its recent restoration (2002). Today, the mimetic atmosphere full of souvenirs, among just a few local crafts, is a commercial urban scenario that mixes reality and fiction for tourists.Item Flagship Stores: The new all-inclusive Shoppingscape(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Sharma, Bhakti; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesShoppingscapes are socio-cultural icons of a city, the signs of an era, the transformers of the urban landscape, and the experience providers to the users. It is around retail or the economic centers of the city, that the cultural and the social centers develop. If the historical precedent of retail, social, and cultural activities existing in a symbiotic relationship is to hold true in today’s market, the definition of shoppingscape can be applied to a new consolidated setting in the form of flagship stores. Flagship stores are retail spectacles that serve the purpose of retailment, exclusive social interaction, creation of culture, all while providing an exclusive sales shrine for the customer. This paper explores the flagship stores as the new shoppingscape and identifies the spatial appropriations with flagship stores that are similar to the traditional shoppingscape where the intent is to convert retail into experience fully integrated into other cultural activities such as theatre and art. Furthermore, this paper explores the impact of an all-inclusive flagship store format that distinguishes it from historic precedents and judges its’ impact on the shoppingscape.Item A case for the urbanisation of future Irish shoppingscapes(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Greaney, Deirdre; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper puts forward a case for the urbanisation of future Irish shoppingscapes. It does so out of concern over the lack of urban design that factors in urban social sustainability found in Irish shoppingscapes built during the Celtic Tiger years. With reference to the challenge set to designers by De Solà-Morales (1992): “the urbanization of the private domain as a new challenge,” this research investigates urbanisation from the socio-cultural perspective. It informs itself from the discourse in urban theory focusing on conditions that allow for urban social sustainability. In attempting to define design’s role in the creation of these conditions, an evaluation criterion is drawn from this discourse and applied to shoppingscape case studies, to determine if their designs factor in urban social sustainability. The findings highlight Celtic Tiger shoppingscapes and also demonstrate how the concepts derived from urban theory can inform the design of future shoppingscapes, emphasising conditions that allow for socio-cultural urbanisation.Item Old Market v. Shopping Malls: The Impacts of Changing Consumer Practices on Sarajevo’s Urban Morphology(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Omićević, Nerma; Gül, Murat; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper investigates the change that has occurred over time in the commercial districts of Sarajevo. It explores how the newly opened shopping malls impact on the consumer behaviours and practices in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and their overall influence on the urban morphology of the city. In particular the impact of the newly opened modern shopping malls on the city’s traditional retail districts, such as Baščaršija and Ferhadija Street and the city’s urban expansion towards the west throughout its history, are analysed in this paper. Based on a detailed review of existing literature, questionaries and interviews with the general public and business owners both in the traditional market district and new shopping malls, this study will provide valuable information for future research focusing the urban planning in Sarajevo.Item Culinaryscapes: Typomorphological Changes in Old District Urban Landscape(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Heryanto, Bambang; Sastrawati, Isfa; Patandianan, Marly Valenti; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper tries to explore the development of urban tourism amenities in an old district of the city. It is inevitable that tourism activities, needs various amenities to accommodate travelers. One of several amenities that travelers look for, beside hotels and shopping places, is the specific tasty local foods. The growing numbers of buildings and eating structures that facilitate culinary activities in the last decades have changed the spatial pattern of the old district of Makassar. Old colonial houses and open spaces have been turned into restaurants, bistros, cafes, and food stalls that serve local and global cuisines. The paper used field observation by identifying buildings structures that facilitate culinary activities through typo-morphological analysis based on the spatial, morphological, functional, temporal, and visual dimensions. The typomorphological changes that are measured in the old district are the type, location, site, form, structure, and distribution pattern of eating place.Item Gluing the fragmented metropolis(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Bortoli, Fábio; Castello, Lineu; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe paper starts by recalling selected anthropological classifications of cultural dimensions of globalization, focussing specially on those postulated by Professor Arjun Appadurai in 1996. Next, it jumps to 2013 and to the Universidade Lusófona’s call for a Conference named “ShoppingScapes”, concentrating on the understanding of that expression. Precedents that have possibly led to today’s typical shoppingscapes are next approached, addressing particularly two of their major manifestations, those linked to developing economies and those related to developed ones. Next the text argues about typical features of a shoppingscape, bringing to light three incidental characteristics that are usually encompassed by a shoppingscape in urban contemporaneity namely (i) metropolitan fragmentation; (ii) marketing of the metropolitan fragments through iconic architectural branding; (iii) gluing the metropolitan fragmentation through the employment of urban activities typical of the tertiary sector. Finally, it concludes by raising some points linked to shoppingscapes and to urban design guidelines in contemporaneity.Item The Bazaar in the Spring: Public Space and the Modern Gulf City(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Odeh, Maha; El Amrousi, Mohamed; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesTraditional shoppingscapes that characterized many Islamic cities known as the souk/bazaar constructed spaces in the city that specialized centres of production, and exchange, commonly depicted as spaces of socio-cultural interaction accessible to all. However, these spaces of consumption became tamed with the advent of the modern city and the department store, they became more institutionalized, homogenised and tourist/souvenir oriented. Changes in urban planning policies, societies and civil lives of its citizens allowed malls to expand as spaces of inclusion and exclusion to certain social groups, their success affected the morphology of the Souk which still remains present in the modern Gulf city as a space of interaction and exchange of cheap goods, fruits and vegetables. Devouring any form of public space in the city, planners and policy makers gradually exchange any form of public space with contemporary shoppingscapes. This paper examines shoppingscapes of the contemporary Arab/Gulf city by tracing the development of souk/bazaar genealogy and examining the socio-cultural drift that created such change. It also intends to investigate the notion of public space and its diminishing role in the Gulf cities.Item Blurring boundaries: the Mall and the City(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Trova, Vasso; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis paper will focus on the evolution of shopping malls in Athens. It will try to describe the two basic dominant typologies of Greek shopping malls and it will investigate the multiple and controversial factors of the spatial and social context within which malls are located. The paper will argue that a decade ago events such as the 2004 Olympic Games have created a spatial background suitable for locating oversized boxes (the typical suburban type) while the degradation of the city centre has created a spatial background for the development of the urban mall connected to the public transport system. In both cases malls are trying to create urban substitutes by providing multiple cultural events, various entertainments, by constructing certain urban ambiences and by trying to associate with the landmarks of the city. In this context a hybrid situation is being constructed where the boundaries between the mall and city life become indiscernible.