Revista Lusófona de Arquitectura e Educação nº 08-09 (2013)
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Item The Alcaicería of Granada (Spain): From a silk trade center to a post-touristic shopping-scape(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Muñoz, Juan; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe Alcaicería of Granada is a contemporary post-touristic shopping-scape with deeps roots in history. In the Medieval Arab world, the term al-qaysāriyya described a commercial institution for the silk trade as well as an architectonic typology. In Al-Andalus, the typology was a cluster of shops located in the center of the main cities. After the Reconquest, these structures were maintained and alcaicerías were even built, as commercial spaces, in America and the Philippines. The decline of the silk trade provoked their disappearance, with the exception of Granada's. The chronicle of the Alcaicería of Granada begins with a "transaction document" (1460), continues with its reconstruction in Alhambresque style (1843) and its conversion into a theme market for handcrafts (1940), to its recent restoration (2002). Today, the mimetic atmosphere full of souvenirs, among just a few local crafts, is a commercial urban scenario that mixes reality and fiction for tourists.Item Changescapes: Walmart supercenters as catalysts for territorial change(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Caine, Ian; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis design research examines the cycle of growth and decline associated with Walmart Supercenters as a way to reconsider the transformation of suburban territories. The project utilizes case-study sites in San Antonio, Texas to establish three distinct Walmart Supercenter typologies: urban, suburban, and exurban. The central thesis asserts that many of the negative externalities that emerge from commercial big box developments result from the difference between the financial lifecycles of the building structures and the surrounding urban landscape. The project seeks to re-align these life-cycles: first, by examining the increments of change related to the various components of the big box development; and second, by re-proposing a framework within which the requisite change can be more productively managed.Item A case for the urbanisation of future Irish shoppingscapes(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Greaney, Deirdre; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis paper puts forward a case for the urbanisation of future Irish shoppingscapes. It does so out of concern over the lack of urban design that factors in urban social sustainability found in Irish shoppingscapes built during the Celtic Tiger years. With reference to the challenge set to designers by De Solà-Morales (1992): “the urbanization of the private domain as a new challenge,” this research investigates urbanisation from the socio-cultural perspective. It informs itself from the discourse in urban theory focusing on conditions that allow for urban social sustainability. In attempting to define design’s role in the creation of these conditions, an evaluation criterion is drawn from this discourse and applied to shoppingscape case studies, to determine if their designs factor in urban social sustainability. The findings highlight Celtic Tiger shoppingscapes and also demonstrate how the concepts derived from urban theory can inform the design of future shoppingscapes, emphasising conditions that allow for socio-cultural urbanisation.Item Skywalking in Hong Kong: disrupting flows in the consumerist wonderland(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Kwok, Evelyn; Spurr, Sam; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoHong Kong, a global city continuously expanding vertically and multiplying the opportunities for profit generation skywards. Networks of skywalks connect this vast shoppingscape, defining a directory of consumption that constantly shifts the experience and understanding of the city. This paper explores how the ‘consumerist wonderland’ of Hong Kong, with its fragmented identity and glorified perception of consumption, has produced an urban, spatial situation that has seamlessly circulated the flow of consumption, yet been unintentionally subverted by a passively accepted foreign force. This surprising urban guerrilla inserts a recurring, un-commoditized event that breaks the assumption of continuous consumption. Their domestication of these skywalks dedicated to consumer spending and absolute convenience, propose an alternative form of civic engagement in the contemporary urban shoppingscape. Additionally, this paper will assist in extrapolating the parallels and reciprocity between the occupations of the elevated walkways and the urban terrain of Hong Kong.Item Just a failed shopping-scape? Urban and public values of Le Mirail’s dalle(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Martín Domínguez, Guiomar; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe famous plan for Toulouse-Le Mirail, by Candilis/Josic/Woods (1961), proposed a radical and hitherto new public space, the dalle, an elevated linear ‘stem’ that wove the whole urban intervention and concentrated all the commercial, social and cultural activity of the neighbourhood. However, the project is today stigmatized as a total social failure. The dalle has been demolished and a traditional commercial street has been implemented. Was demolition the sole alternative for Le Mirail’s future? This paper aims at identifying certain themes around the conception of the dalle, capable of informing today’s theory and practice in the design of new shopping/public-scapes. It reflects on both the most positive values of the project and on its naiveties and mistakes, conscious of the social unrest that aggrandized them. Ultimately, it calls for a deeper reflection on the urban proposals of the Modern Movement, beyond demolition as the only possible solution.Item The Estação Shopping Mall in Itaipava(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Gazzaneo, Luiz Manoel; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe Estação Shopping Mall was built at the site of the old Itaipava Railway Station and represents a strong point of offering of choice and leisure in the rich district of Petropolitano. It was built in the first decade of this century, and opened in December 2006. It exerts a central role in the district, not only for its architecture, where we have the forms and functionality of contemporary, but also because of the aspects that remind us to the old train station, as well as the functionality and diversity options. The ground forms a “swivel”, a roundabout on Union and Industry Road by providing two access levels. The building has two levels and external accesses by each of these levels: the level of Union and Industry Road - 1st floor level and the area above the terrain. The land has an area of 11,270.00 m2, and an occupancy rate of 75.43%, the occupied area is 8,501.59 m2 and the open area in the ground level is 4,751.41 m2, the building area is 14,336.22 m2 with 105 stores, divided in an area of 781,763 m2 in the Union and Industry level and an area of 651,859 m2 on the ground level. The building has 281 parking spaces - 83 covered in the Union and Industry Road and 198 open on the ground level; water reservoirs have a total capacity of 153,000 liters and Basic Leasing Area of 7,150.00 m2, it have several restrooms with a total of 69 toilets . Also have a flow of vehicles of 17,879 /month (media) and a flow of 71,000 persons/month, public of classes A and B. The Estação Shopping Mall has two anchor stores at Union and industry level, two anchor stores at ground level, 33 shops at the Union and Industry level, 70 shops on the ground level, the possibility of up to twelve (12) feed operations with 100 outdoor seating in the main squares. The anchor stores are Planeta Corpus Fitness and Lojas Americanas in the Union and Industry level. And two cinemas at the ground level, semi-anchors are Vagão Beer Food, Richards, Bank of Brazil, Santander Bank, the satellites shops are Kopenhagen, Osklen, Mr.Cat, Claro, Bob's, Chez Michou, Datelli, Wollner, Sorvete Brasil, Mio, Tableware, Feet Foot, Kevingston, Ary Delicatessen, Imaginarium, among others. The mall has 2 escalators, 1 panoramic elevator, 2 lakes, a skylight all over the upper main floor, Central Monitoring, Air Conditioning - 6 machines, and ambient music with exclusive programming. The Itaipava Mall now represents a new option for living and recreation not only for the people of the 3rd district of Petropolis but also to the nearby 2nd District - Cascatinha, and the 4th District Pedro do Rio. Around the shopping mall there are some commercial establishments and residential class “A”. It is a new benchmark not only for the options to shop, but also for the leisure activities.Item Collectivity and the Post-war European Shopping Centre(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Gosseye, Janina; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis paper puts forth the hypothesis that notions such as ‘collectivity’, ‘play’ and ‘community’ – buzz words of the post-war discourse on architecture and urbanism – were often important elements in the design and conceptualization of post-war shopping centres in Western Europe. To investigate this hypothesis, the paper focuses on three typologically distinct shopping centres that were developed in Belgium between 1968 and 1977 – scrutinizing their design and pairing and comparing their spatial characteristics, and the idea(l)s that underpinned them, with those of other (well-known) buildings and urban models of the period.Item Gluing the fragmented metropolis(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Bortoli, Fábio; Castello, Lineu; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe paper starts by recalling selected anthropological classifications of cultural dimensions of globalization, focussing specially on those postulated by Professor Arjun Appadurai in 1996. Next, it jumps to 2013 and to the Universidade Lusófona’s call for a Conference named “ShoppingScapes”, concentrating on the understanding of that expression. Precedents that have possibly led to today’s typical shoppingscapes are next approached, addressing particularly two of their major manifestations, those linked to developing economies and those related to developed ones. Next the text argues about typical features of a shoppingscape, bringing to light three incidental characteristics that are usually encompassed by a shoppingscape in urban contemporaneity namely (i) metropolitan fragmentation; (ii) marketing of the metropolitan fragments through iconic architectural branding; (iii) gluing the metropolitan fragmentation through the employment of urban activities typical of the tertiary sector. Finally, it concludes by raising some points linked to shoppingscapes and to urban design guidelines in contemporaneity.Item The affective-emotional communication in shoppingscapes: case study(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Maffei, Simone; Durão, Maria João; Menezes, Marizilda dos Santos; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoShoppingscapes on urban roads, such as streets and avenues, require study and more specific attention. You must be aware of the emotional communication, an important factor with regard to the influence on the perception and acquisition process by the observer. Reaching the consumer cognitively, arousing emotion and desire to want to have the observed object is one of the goals of emotional communication, and that only happens with the proper use of elements of perception. This paper aims to highlight the need for interdisciplinary design and architecture, especially in the case of shoppingscapes in open spaces that sell fashion items. The case study raises a reflection on the elements of perception in the windows as to whether they are being clearly communicated. It also discusses how the same are interfering or being interfered by the shoppingscapes of Avenida da Liberdade in Lisbon.Item Shopping Mall In The City Context - How Can The Shopping Mall Positively Contribute To The Development Of The City Core?(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Paszkowski, Zbigniew; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoRecent years in Poland are characterized by the increasing number of new shopping malls, which have changed the cityscapes and, in many cases, relocated the functional city centers to the peripheries. Shopping malls adopted the idea of a city with its pedestrian street structure, shopping and leisure attitudes, converting the public space into a market product. The author is convinced, that, however alien and too expansive, the shopping malls can contribute to the development of the city core areas. There are several conditions, which should be fulfilled, but in general, there are possibilities to strengthen the city image, contribute to its diversity, respond to the functional needs of the city for space improvement and economic growth. These preconditions allow to state, that the shopping mall located in the core of the city, regarding the spatial and historic city context, can contribute to enrichment of the city and create a “positive shoppingscape”.Item A case study: to design a XL supermarket in the Netherlands and its consequences(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Veeger, T. T.; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoOn the outskirts of the centre of Eindhoven (a medium-sized town in the south of the Netherlands), an existing supermarket located along the ring road, which forms part of a chain named “Albert Heijn,” was doubled in size in 2002, making it the flagship of a new “extra large” formula, called “AH XL”. The existing establishment of the supermarket was completely transformed, both the interior and exterior. In this case study we will explain the thoughts and ideas behind the original concept from the perspective of the architect. The original material, such as sketches, models and presentations has been used to construct a timeline of the design process. This paper tries to make clear which stakeholders, references and external influences were important for the development of the final design.Item Amazon the rural shopping center—from a temporary business model to a spatial impact: a backstage landscape(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Pfanzelt, Alexander; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe distribution of goods in the world of Amazon is well known through their “1 click-order”. The reason, why more and more shops in this areas shut down. The today's market square is virtual and only one click away. Delivered the next day by DHL or UPS. This project will focus on a side effect of this system. In november and december 2012 during Christmas shopping the distribution centers have to be enormously enlarged with labor. For the hub in Graben around 3500 extra workers are needed for a period of 6 weeks. All of them are temporary workers, mostly students from all over the world, which come to Germany during this time. With this research the side effect of the organization system of a logistic hub will be shown. The transfer of people will be mapped and the impact on the rural places will be shown. They create a new type of landscape, called backstage landscape.Item Linear Shopping(e)scape: shopping the Italian way(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Granello, Guido; Fabris, Luca; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe paper first focuses on the history of the urban places devoted to the commerce in the towns of the Italian peninsula and analyses the change the quality and quantity of exchanges and shopping places brought before into at the urban scale and then into the territorial one. From the ancient villages Market Square, to the Market Streets that made the fortune of many Italian cities, then to the Market Roads invented during the Italian Boom of the ‘60s during last century to the Market Motorway that characterises the nowadays commerce and the shopping centres constellations: all this is the heritage that shaped the continuous, linear shopping landscape present in Lombardy and Friuli Venezia Giulia. The essay tries to individuate some hypothesis starting from this picture in motion, taking count that Italy, beside its cultural and natural landscape, has been always also a living shopping-scape.Item Retail Design. Do we need a project instrument or a project tool?(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Lança, Luís; Loução, Maria Dulce; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoIn this communication we write about the evolution of the study of the design tools that support the methodological infrastructure of the Interior Design and Architecture professional practice with special regard to the tools mostly used by Retail Design. We intend to bring forward the concept that the study of the different design artifacts allow us to change the focus from the final product into the activities involved in its design process through a clarification of their participating role in the creative process. The common design tools used in design as the sketch and the physical scale model may in a near future evolve as instruments that incorporate the ability to answer the retail design special needs allowing processes of delegation, evaluation and control that characterize the instruments in other human activities. In our conclusion we offer some insights for future development of the research around this problem space.Item Community-oriented consumption and opportunities for change in shopping centre/mall design(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Máté, Kirsty; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoShopping centres are the bastions of the consumer age, promoting in their design the desire to continue to consume at an unsustainable rate. However there is growing evidence that new paradigms of consumption are emerging in developed countries, led by evolving technologies and online shopping, that are shifting consumer values and behaviours - and the environments in which we shop will need to adapt. Community-oriented consumption paradigms relate to behavioural changes that link people more closely, socially and/or culturally, with each other, providing a sense of community. These can be virtual or face-to-face. Collaborative consumption, the ‘Me vs We’ economies, service economies, the slow movement and prosumption are examples. This paper will discuss the variety of community-oriented consumption paradigms, addressing food as a linking concept, and their influence on shopping centre/mall design.Item Lisbon Shopping Scape - The urban dimension of the Lisbon commercial spaces. 1970-2010(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Allegri, Alessia; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis is a study of commercial spaces, focusing on the exploration of the existing relationship between the urban shapes and the design of commercial spaces. The planning of commercial activities cannot limit itself to purely economic and management dimensions, but should be central to any debate on the city. This inquiry contributes to illuminate the mechanisms of production of city and commercial systems that can be either mutually reinforcing or mutually negating. Our interpretation of the relationship between the commercial spaces and the city is based on the taxonomic study of commercial models that characterised Lisbon from 1970 to 2010. This analysis of its recent commercial history has led to the definition of three macro-categories of commercial systems that illustrate three types of relationships between the city and its commercial dimension: symbiotic, commensal, and parasitic.Item The demalling process in Italy(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Cavoto, Gabriele; Limonta, Giorgio; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThe demise of retail buildings is a rather recent phenomenon, very common in the United States. Hundreds of shopping malls and big box stores are falling into decay and their failure influences, to some degrees, the contemporary and future evolution of retail buildings. Europe and Italy are not immune to the overgrowth dynamics of the retail system that have been observed in the United States, and the first cases of decline and crisis have already appeared in several Italian areas. Demalling, a technical term that defines the response to the decline and demise of shopping centres, represents a totally new urban challenge to redevelop vacant malls and big box stores. Features and issues arising from the conversion of retail buildings have been analyzed focusing on the Italian context, through two case studies: the abandoned shopping mall Euromercato in Casoria (Naples) and the closed grocery store Esselunga in Pioltello (Milan), transformed in an Health Centre.Item Re-imagining Pekan Kuah as the Rainforest Shopping Paradise of Langkawi(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Zubir, Syed Sobri; Yahya, Josmin; Mahdzub, Amira Fadhilah; Ab. Rahman, Rashidah; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis paper addresses Theme III: Architecture, Spatiality and Perception. Pekan Kuah, a small town on the legendary island of Langkawi is used as the exploratory setting. The rich bio-diversity provides major tourists’ attractions on Langkawi. Shopping does not. Its designation as a Duty-Free island status in 1987 had limited effect. The issue is how to turn Pekan Kuah into an inviting shopping environment for local and international visitors. This paper outlines the relationship between structures and objects that defines ‘shoppingscapes’ within a newly rejuvenated urban-shopping environment of this island town. The more urban part of the island need not be an isolated man-made district. The rich layering of tropical rainforest provides the inspiration. New structures not only provide a new kind of public spaces in Langkawi but also change the perception of public spaces there as a whole - thus transforming Pekan Kuah as the Rainforest Shopping Paradise of Langkawi.Item Shipping container mall: a rising typology(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Cabrera Vergara, Maria; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoNowadays, it is rather unusual to find someone that hasn’t come across –either on the streets or in magazines- small shops made out of shipping containers. These little boutiques, so appealing, have often become the flagship stores of iconic brands such as Freitag, Puma or Uniqlo. However, few are the ones who are aware of the existence of shopping malls made out of these same containers. Neither a building, nor a stall –and despite their unusual construction material- they still are mostly considered architectures, but their singular constructive qualities produce a particular architectural outcome worth to be studied thoroughly. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to analyze and compare their architectural attributes with those of traditional shopping mall architecture. Secondly, to reflect on whether these new architectural solutions can be considered conceptual models to inspire future commercial typologies, able to respond better to certain arising architectural, social and urban demands.Item The suburban shoppingscape and the reconfiguration of urban ideals(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2013) Daborn, Shirley; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoThis paper looks at how the mid-twentieth century suburban shopping center created a pseudo-public space specifically tailored to attract women in their role as the primary shopper. Driven by the demands of a changing urban landscape retail developers combined urban ideals with modern materials and technology to create a shoppingscape that ideologically merged community values with notions of progress. The crisp, clean lines of modern design, paired with the practical delights of childcare facilities, cafes and a women’s lounge area re-presented a mix of city ideals and excitement with the familiarity and comfort of community facilities. Rather than displacing traditional city characteristics and activities, the suburban shopping center combined old and new development concepts to produce a new environment founded on principles of accessibility and comfort.