Motivações e expectativas dos alunos de um Curso Superior de Enfermagem
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Data
2008
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Resumo
A profundidade das transformações sociais em curso, juntamente com o
desenvolvimento tecnológico e científico, têm causado, na última década, constantes alterações no desenvolvimento da Enfermagem como profissão. Desta
forma, o presente estudo, de caráter descritivo, não experimental e analítico, surgiu com o propósito de entender as motivações e expectativas dos alunos que buscam hoje a profissionalização de enfermagem, na observância de um
crescimento na alocação dos seus serviços nos últimos anos; sempre no intuito
de compreender se os fatores financeiros e de garantia de emprego estão hoje
como elemento de superioridade para a escolha da profissão. Para tanto,
questionários individuais foram aplicados aos alunos matriculados nas classes do
primeiro (T.1: n=35) e último semestre letivo (T.2: n=35), colocando em foco se as motivações para a escolha do curso teriam significações diferentes entre estas.
Diferenças estatisticamente significantes não foram encontradas entre as turmas
que fizeram parte desta pesquisa. Em ambos os grupos, pudemos observar que
um expressivo percentual dos entrevistados (T.1= 85%; T.2=88,6%) concordou
que questões humanitárias foram, de alguma forma, incentivadoras para a escolha do Curso. Quando os mesmos grupos foram indagados quanto à opção do Curso, pela garantia de emprego, também se constatou que tal aspecto foi
freqüentemente mencionado como influente nas preferências dos discentes pela
profissão (T.1= 71,44%; T.2=45,71%), embora com menor magnitude quando
comparado ao anterior. Face ao exposto, diante da metodologia adotada e dos
resultados obtidos, concluímos que a imagem da Enfermagem como uma
atividade caritativa e de ajuda divide hoje o espaço com um trabalho científico
sistematizado, motivado pelo mercado de trabalho e pelo crescimento pessoal. Os
valores de doação e ideais religiosos não aparecem aqui abdicados, mas sim
especificados e inovados nos conceitos de humanização, cuidado e relação
interpessoal, pontos norteadores dos saberes necessários aos profissionais de
saúde da atualidade. Entretanto, a garantia de emprego é atualmente percebida
como uma das razões determinantes para a escolha de “ser enfermeiro”.
Acreditamos que a ampliação do mercado de trabalho no setor saúde e a
dinamicidade da cultura, explicitadas no desenvolvimento da Enfermagem, não
estão negando o “cuidar” como o núcleo central deste ofício, mas atribuem certas
características específicas de atividade científica a esta profissão.
Deep social transformations together with technological and scientific development have caused, in the last decade, constant changes in Nursing as Profession. In this sense, the present study, of descriptive character, not experimental or analytical, appears with the purpose of understanding the motivations and expectations of students that today look for professionalization in Nursing, in the observance of a growing of the allocation of their services in the last years; always with the intent of understanding if financial factors and the guarantee of job are today an element of superiority in the chosen of the profession. Therefore, individual questionnaires were applied to students enrolled in the classes of the first (T.1: n=35) and the last semesters (T.2: n=35), focusing if the motivations for their course choosing would have different significations between them. Significant statistic differences were not found between the groups that were part of this research. In both groups we could observe that an expressive percentage of the interviewed (T.1=85%; T.2=88,6%) agreed that humanitarian issues were, somehow, incentives for their course choice. When the same groups were questioned about the option of the course for the guarantee of job it was also seen that this aspect was frequently mentioned as influent in the preferences of the students for the profession (T.1=71,44%; T.2=45,71%), although with smaller magnitude, when compared to the previous aspect. Face to that, according to the methodology adopted and the results obtained it was concluded that the image of Nursing as a charitable and helping activity today shares space with a systematic scientific work, motivated by job market and personal growing. It does not seem that values such as brotherhood and religious ideals were abdicated but specified and innovated, in the concepts of humanization, caring and interpersonal relationship, guiding the necessary points of knowledge to today´s professionals of health. Otherwise, the guarantee of job is seen today as one of the determinant reasons for the choice of “being a nurse”. We believe that the increasing in job market in health area and the dynamicity of culture showed in the development of Nursing do not deny “care” as central nucleus of this job, but attribute certain specific characteristics of scientific activity to this profession.
Deep social transformations together with technological and scientific development have caused, in the last decade, constant changes in Nursing as Profession. In this sense, the present study, of descriptive character, not experimental or analytical, appears with the purpose of understanding the motivations and expectations of students that today look for professionalization in Nursing, in the observance of a growing of the allocation of their services in the last years; always with the intent of understanding if financial factors and the guarantee of job are today an element of superiority in the chosen of the profession. Therefore, individual questionnaires were applied to students enrolled in the classes of the first (T.1: n=35) and the last semesters (T.2: n=35), focusing if the motivations for their course choosing would have different significations between them. Significant statistic differences were not found between the groups that were part of this research. In both groups we could observe that an expressive percentage of the interviewed (T.1=85%; T.2=88,6%) agreed that humanitarian issues were, somehow, incentives for their course choice. When the same groups were questioned about the option of the course for the guarantee of job it was also seen that this aspect was frequently mentioned as influent in the preferences of the students for the profession (T.1=71,44%; T.2=45,71%), although with smaller magnitude, when compared to the previous aspect. Face to that, according to the methodology adopted and the results obtained it was concluded that the image of Nursing as a charitable and helping activity today shares space with a systematic scientific work, motivated by job market and personal growing. It does not seem that values such as brotherhood and religious ideals were abdicated but specified and innovated, in the concepts of humanization, caring and interpersonal relationship, guiding the necessary points of knowledge to today´s professionals of health. Otherwise, the guarantee of job is seen today as one of the determinant reasons for the choice of “being a nurse”. We believe that the increasing in job market in health area and the dynamicity of culture showed in the development of Nursing do not deny “care” as central nucleus of this job, but attribute certain specific characteristics of scientific activity to this profession.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Maria Godim Valença ; co-orientação: António Teodoro
Palavras-chave
EDUCAÇÃO, MOTIVAÇÃO, ENFERMAGEM, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO, ENSINO SUPERIOR, EDUCATION, MOTIVATION, NURSING, HIGHER EDUCATION