Desigualdade, racismo e xenofobia no contexto da prática de surf em Portugal
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Data
2021
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Resumo
O surf é um desporto que cuja história em Portugal tem menos de uma década, no entanto está a ser confrontado com formas de preconceito e discriminação, de xenofobia e
racismo que resultam até, por vezes, em conflitos e agressões físicas. O presente estudo
procurou explorar as atitudes de racismo, discriminação e xenofobia, por parte dos
praticantes de surf em Portugal, bem como a sua associação com as experiências de
desigualdade e com os valores sociais da tradição e do poder. A amostra foi constituída
através do método bola-de-neve e da divulgação junto de grupos de praticantes de surf.
Participam no estudo 50 pessoas, na maioria homens (n = 36; 72%), com idades entre os 19
e os 59 anos (M = 32.50; DP = 10.34). A maioria concluiu o ensino secundário e metade a
licenciatura. Os resultados das análises preliminares que exploraram as associações entre
experiência e perceção de desigualdade, valores e racismo, revelaram um padrão expetável
de associação entre as variáveis. Verificou-se que a valorização do poder e da tradição está
associada a níveis mais elevados de racismo. O mesmo se verifica em relação à perceção de
ameaça positivamente associada com as duas formas de racismo. Os resultados revelam
ainda que a experiência pessoal de desigualdade está associada e níveis superiores de
racismo, ao passo que perceção de desigualdade a nível nacional parece estar, pelo contrário,
associada a crenças a atitudes menos racistas. O estudo aponta ainda que o impacto da
experiência de desigualdade no racismo ostensivo é ampliado nas condições de maior
valorização do poder e da tradição.
Surfing is a sport that has less than a decade of history in Portugal, yet it is being confronted with forms of prejudice and discrimination, xenophobia and racism that sometimes even result in conflicts and physical aggression. This study sought to explore attitudes of racism, discrimination and xenophobia among surfers in Portugal, as well as their association with experiences of inequality and with the social values of tradition and power. The Study contribute to the understanding, prevention and intervention in the phenomenon, promoting racial and social equality. The sample was constituted through the snowball method and through outreach to groups of surfers. In all, the study had 50 participants, mostly men (n = 36; 72%), aged between 19 and 59 years (M = 32.50; SD = 10.34). Education ranged from 9th grade to PhD, with most completing high school and half completing undergraduate degrees. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to characterize the sample and the variables under study. The results of the preliminary analyses that explored the associations between experience and perception of inequality, values, and racism revealed an expected pattern of association between the variables. Valuing power and tradition is associated with higher levels of racism. The same is true for the perception of threat, positively associated with both forms of racism. With regard to inequality, it should be noted that while personal experience of inequality is associated with higher levels of racism, perceived inequality at the national level seems to be, by contrast, associated with less racist beliefs and attitudes. It was found that there is a relationship between inequality and various forms of racism. The greater the personal experience of inequality, the greater the racism in its various forms. The study also confirms that the greater the perception of threat, the greater the modern racism and overt racism. The results support this premise, revealing that the greater the valuation of power, the greater the modern racism, as well as the greater the overt racism. The study further points out that overt racism is magnified when there is greater valorization of power.
Surfing is a sport that has less than a decade of history in Portugal, yet it is being confronted with forms of prejudice and discrimination, xenophobia and racism that sometimes even result in conflicts and physical aggression. This study sought to explore attitudes of racism, discrimination and xenophobia among surfers in Portugal, as well as their association with experiences of inequality and with the social values of tradition and power. The Study contribute to the understanding, prevention and intervention in the phenomenon, promoting racial and social equality. The sample was constituted through the snowball method and through outreach to groups of surfers. In all, the study had 50 participants, mostly men (n = 36; 72%), aged between 19 and 59 years (M = 32.50; SD = 10.34). Education ranged from 9th grade to PhD, with most completing high school and half completing undergraduate degrees. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to characterize the sample and the variables under study. The results of the preliminary analyses that explored the associations between experience and perception of inequality, values, and racism revealed an expected pattern of association between the variables. Valuing power and tradition is associated with higher levels of racism. The same is true for the perception of threat, positively associated with both forms of racism. With regard to inequality, it should be noted that while personal experience of inequality is associated with higher levels of racism, perceived inequality at the national level seems to be, by contrast, associated with less racist beliefs and attitudes. It was found that there is a relationship between inequality and various forms of racism. The greater the personal experience of inequality, the greater the racism in its various forms. The study also confirms that the greater the perception of threat, the greater the modern racism and overt racism. The results support this premise, revealing that the greater the valuation of power, the greater the modern racism, as well as the greater the overt racism. The study further points out that overt racism is magnified when there is greater valorization of power.
Descrição
Orientação: Joana Cabral
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, DISCRIMINAÇÃO RACIAL, DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS, SURF, RACISMO, PORTUGAL, PSYCHOLOGY, RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, RACISM, PORTUGAL, SURF