Nanotecnologia aplicada a sistemas transdérmicos
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Data
2017
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A nanotecnologia veio revolucionar a área farmacêutica. Entre outras aplicações,
esta área permite a veiculação de fármacos através de diferentes tipos de
nanotransportadores, melhorando as suas propriedades e permitindo uma otimização da
terapêutica farmacológica, com a diminuição dos efeitos adversos associados. Dado o seu
impacto nas terapias convencionais, é claro o interesse e o potencial de aplicabilidade à
terapia transdérmica.
O desenvolvimento de sistemas transdérmicos surgiu com o propósito de
ultrapassar as limitações associadas às vias convencionais, administrando fármacos de
forma controlada através da pele para alcançar um efeito sistémico, e por consequente, um
efeito terapêutico ótimo, com efeitos adversos mínimos.
Contudo, apenas um número muito limitado de princípios ativos é considerado
elegível a ser administrado pela via transdérmica. Isto deve-se ao facto de a pele constituir
uma barreira formidável, limitando a administração de fármacos por esta via. Têm sido
estudadas e implementadas várias abordagens que modulam a permeação percutânea, que
incluem métodos químicos e métodos físicos, que têm por base a alteração transiente do
estrato córneo, permitindo assim a permeação facilitada de fármacos. No entanto,
recentemente têm sido encontrados resultados promissores nas formas baseadas em
nanotransportadores, que podem tanto atuar como promotores da permeação, como
transportarem o fármaco até camadas mais profundas da pele.
Este trabalho irá debruçar-se sobre as estratégias baseadas na nanotecnologia
aplicadas à terapia transdérmica atualmente existentes, mencionando as suas
potencialidades e limitações.
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical field. Among other applications, this area allows drug delivery through different types of nanocarriers, improving their properties and allowing an optimization of pharmacological therapy, with a decrease of associated adverse effects. Given its impact on conventional therapies, it is clear the interest and potential applicability to transdermal therapy. The development of transdermal systems has emerged with the aim of overcoming limitations related to conventional routes, allowing controlled delivery of drugs through the skin, achieving the systemic circulation, and therefore having an optimal therapeutic effect with minimal related side effects. However, only a very limited number of active mare considered eligible to be administered by the transdermal route. This is due to the fact that the skin constitutes a formidable barrier, limiting the administration of drugs by this route. In order to increase percutaneous permeation, several strategies have been studied and implemented, which include chemical methods and physical methods, which are based on the transient alteration of the stratum corneum, thus allowing facilitated drug permeation. However, promising results have recently been found in forms based on nanotransporters, which can either act as permeation promoters or transport the drug to deeper layers of the skin. This work will focus on the nanotechnology-based strategies applied to transdermal therapy currently available, mentioning its potentialities and limitations.
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical field. Among other applications, this area allows drug delivery through different types of nanocarriers, improving their properties and allowing an optimization of pharmacological therapy, with a decrease of associated adverse effects. Given its impact on conventional therapies, it is clear the interest and potential applicability to transdermal therapy. The development of transdermal systems has emerged with the aim of overcoming limitations related to conventional routes, allowing controlled delivery of drugs through the skin, achieving the systemic circulation, and therefore having an optimal therapeutic effect with minimal related side effects. However, only a very limited number of active mare considered eligible to be administered by the transdermal route. This is due to the fact that the skin constitutes a formidable barrier, limiting the administration of drugs by this route. In order to increase percutaneous permeation, several strategies have been studied and implemented, which include chemical methods and physical methods, which are based on the transient alteration of the stratum corneum, thus allowing facilitated drug permeation. However, promising results have recently been found in forms based on nanotransporters, which can either act as permeation promoters or transport the drug to deeper layers of the skin. This work will focus on the nanotechnology-based strategies applied to transdermal therapy currently available, mentioning its potentialities and limitations.
Descrição
Orientação: Catarina Rosado
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, NANOTECNOLOGIA, SISTEMAS TRANSDÉRMICOS, PELE, SISTEMAS DE LIBERTAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, TRANSDERMAL SYSTEMS, SKIN, DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS