Fisiologia da dor
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Data
2017
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A dor, é considerada uma experiência subjetiva, sensorial e emocional, desagradável,
que deve ser descrita e avaliada como o quinto sinal vital. Envolve inúmeros processos
fisiológicos, cognitivos e emocionais, que geram sofrimento e, interferem na qualidade de vida
do indivíduo. A sua principal função no organismo é funcionar como um sinal de alerta,
ativando respostas protetoras, de forma a minimizar possíveis danos nos tecidos.
É um sintoma que acompanha a generalidade das situações patológicas que requerem
cuidados de saúde e, por este motivo, o controlo da dor é encarado como um problema de
saúde pública.
Nesta dissertação, foi feita uma caracterização dos diferentes tipos de dor e dos vários
métodos de avaliação indispensáveis à sua classificação. Foi também feita uma descrição
dos mecanismos envolvidos no processo de transmissão da mesma, e uma abordagem das
diferentes terapêuticas utilizadas para o seu tratamento.
O farmacêutico, enquanto profissional de saúde, desempenha um papel fundamental
no controlo da dor, através do diálogo com o utente, e na implementação de ações e
explicação de abordagens não farmacológicas. No âmbito hospitalar, destaca-se a
importância de várias atividades de total competência do farmacêutico, desde a manipulação
do medicamento, avaliação da prescrição médica, armazenamento, dispensa, controle de
qualidade, seleção de medicamentos e farmacovigilâcia.
Torna-se essencial que a dor seja encarada como uma prioridade no âmbito da
prestação de cuidados de saúde, e que os efeitos da sua terapêutica sejam valorizados,
avaliados e registados pelos profissionais desta área.
Pain is considered a subjective, uncomfortable sensorial and emotional experience, that must be evaluated and described as the fifth vital sign. It involves a series of physiological, cognitive and emotional processes that generate suffering and interfere in the individual's quality of life. The main function of pain in the body is to act as a warning signal, activating protective responses, in order to minimize possible tissue damage. It is a symptom that accompanies the majority of the pathological situations that require health care and, for this reason, the control of pain is seen as a public health problem. In this dissertation a characterization of the different types of pain and of the several evaluation methods indispensable to its classification was made. It was also made a description of the mechanisms involved in the transmission process and an approach to the different therapies for its treatment. The pharmacist, as a health professional, plays a fundamental role in the control of pain, through dialogue with the patient, implementation of actions and explanation of nonpharmacological techniques. In the hospital, stand out the importance of several activities which are full competence of the pharmacist, especially: manipulation of the medication, evaluation of the medical prescription, storage, dispensation, quality control, selection of medicines and pharmacovigilance. Thus, it is essential that pain is seen as a priority in the provision of health care and that the effects of its therapy are valued, evaluated and registered by professionals in this area.
Pain is considered a subjective, uncomfortable sensorial and emotional experience, that must be evaluated and described as the fifth vital sign. It involves a series of physiological, cognitive and emotional processes that generate suffering and interfere in the individual's quality of life. The main function of pain in the body is to act as a warning signal, activating protective responses, in order to minimize possible tissue damage. It is a symptom that accompanies the majority of the pathological situations that require health care and, for this reason, the control of pain is seen as a public health problem. In this dissertation a characterization of the different types of pain and of the several evaluation methods indispensable to its classification was made. It was also made a description of the mechanisms involved in the transmission process and an approach to the different therapies for its treatment. The pharmacist, as a health professional, plays a fundamental role in the control of pain, through dialogue with the patient, implementation of actions and explanation of nonpharmacological techniques. In the hospital, stand out the importance of several activities which are full competence of the pharmacist, especially: manipulation of the medication, evaluation of the medical prescription, storage, dispensation, quality control, selection of medicines and pharmacovigilance. Thus, it is essential that pain is seen as a priority in the provision of health care and that the effects of its therapy are valued, evaluated and registered by professionals in this area.
Descrição
Orientação: Luís Monteiro Rodrigues
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, DOR, GESTÃO DA DOR, AVALIAÇÃO DA DOR, TERAPÊUTICAS, CUIDADOS FARMACÊUTICOS, PAIN, PAIN MANAGEMENT, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACEUTICAL CARE, PAIN EVALUATION