Propostas do arquiteto José Loureiro para a mudança do perfil da cidade do Porto na década de 50 e 60
Miniatura indisponível
Ficheiros
Data
2013
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Esta dissertação pretende analisar a importância dos fundamentos modernos, na formação do Arquiteto José Carlos Loureiro e da consequente utilização dessas influências nas suas primeiras obras. Não podemos realizar uma correta analise dessas obras, sem avaliar ainda de que de forma limitada, os fundamentos modernos internacionais e as condicionantes Portuguesas, especialmente a situação da Escola do Porto, local de formação do Arquiteto e docência.
Os avanços tecnológicos do início do século XX permitem o surgimento do fenómeno moderno na arquitetura e nas artes, sustentado pelo crescimento das cidades e pela consequente necessidade de habitações e equipamentos. Este crescimento origina problemas de espaço e organização urbana. Em função dos novos desafios os arquitetos organizam-se, de forma a acompanhar o processo evolutivo das cidades, com o recurso às novas técnicas construtivas disponíveis. Faltava no entanto uma fórmula que permitisse resolver os problemas das cidades do fim do séc. XIX. Para isso os arquitetos formaram o movimento denominado CIAM «Os Congressos Internacionais de Arquitetura Moderna», com o objetivo de criação de regras e princípios, em resultado do debate de ideias e na experimentação, que permitissem solucionar os problemas das cidades. Este debate terá dado origem á Carta de Atenas, que servirá durante alguns anos como regulamento geral para a arquitetura e urbanismo das cidades modernas.
É nesse panorama que surgem nomes como Le Corbusier, Mies Van der Rohe ou Alvar Aalto, Frank Lloyd Wright que em diferentes tempos e países, criarão diferentes interpretações formais do Moderno, influenciando várias gerações de arquitetos em vários países. Em Portugal, por questões de isolamento, a influência terá um maior impacto nos anos 50 do século XX. Com a mudança de paradigma na forma de projetar a Cidade, que do modelo mecanicista passa ao modelo aberto, com um enquadramento local de vertente natural ou vernacular, terá um destaque nas intervenções urbanas, principalmente na Cidade do Porto.
De facto as tendências artísticas presentes no trabalho de alguns arquitetos modernos moldaram e influenciaram a obra e método do arquiteto José Carlos Loureiro, tendo feito o arquiteto se debruçar sobre os novos modelos para as Cidades Parque, Habitação/Equipamento em Altura, e as novas Formas de Habitar.
A liberdade relativa dos arquitetos no Porto, demostrada por uma relativa abertura da Escola de Belas Artes do Porto às novas experimentações formais modernas, terão dado origem a novos profissionais, com a força necessária para a criação de um movimento fundador de divulgação dos ideais modernos, a Segunda Geração de Arquitetos Modernos, tendo esta geração deixado marcas no 1.º Congresso de Arquitetura Portuguesa em 1948.
Por consequência, os novos arquitetos modernos formados neste período, alguns pertencentes ao grupo ODAM, apresentaram novas soluções urbanas, relacionando as novas formas modernas com as condições locais, dando origem a projetos como o Edifício Parnaso ou o Conjunto Luso, do Arquiteto José Carlos Loureiro.
architect José Carlos Loureiro and consequent use of these influences in his early works. We cannot make a correct analysis of these works, without assessing still in a limited way, the international foundations and modern Portuguese constraints, especially the situation of the Porto School, Local Architect training and teaching. The technological advances of the early twentieth century allow the emergence of the modern phenomenon in architecture and the arts, supported by the growth of cities and the consequent need of housing and equipment. This growth creates problems of space and urban organization. In light of the new challenges architects organize themselves, in order to follow the evolution process of the cities, with the use of new construction techniques available. However lacked a formula to answer the problems of the cities of the end of the century. XIX. For that architects formed the CIAM movement called 'The International Congresses of Modern Architecture ', with the goal of creating rules and principles, as a result of brainstorming and experimentation, enabling solve the problems of the cities. This debate will have given rise to the Athens Charter, which will serve for several years as a general regulation for architecture and urbanism of modern cities. It is in this scenario that arise names like Le Corbusier, Mies Van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto, Frank Lloyd Wright in different times and countries, creating different interpretations of the Modern, influencing several generations of architects in various countries. In Portugal, for reasons of isolation, the influence will have a bigger impact in the 50s of the twentieth century. With the paradigm shift in how to design the City that the mechanistic model to the open models the natural or vernacular framework will have an emphasis on urban interventions, mainly in the Port City. Artistic trends present in the work of some modern architects have shaped and influenced the work method and the architect José Carlos Loureiro, having made the architect to look into new models for City Park, Housing / Equipment in height, and new forms of dwell. The relative freedom of the architects in Porto, demonstrated by a relative aperture of the School of Fine Arts in Porto to the new modern forms, have given rise to new professionals with the necessary force in the creation of a founder movement for the dissemination of modern ideals, The Second Generation of Modern Architects, leaving marks on the First Portuguese Congress of Architecture in 1948. Consequently, the new modern architects formed in this period, some belonging to ODAM group presented new urban solutions, relating the new modern forms with local conditions, giving rise to projects like Parnaso or Luso building, the architect José Carlos Loureiro.
architect José Carlos Loureiro and consequent use of these influences in his early works. We cannot make a correct analysis of these works, without assessing still in a limited way, the international foundations and modern Portuguese constraints, especially the situation of the Porto School, Local Architect training and teaching. The technological advances of the early twentieth century allow the emergence of the modern phenomenon in architecture and the arts, supported by the growth of cities and the consequent need of housing and equipment. This growth creates problems of space and urban organization. In light of the new challenges architects organize themselves, in order to follow the evolution process of the cities, with the use of new construction techniques available. However lacked a formula to answer the problems of the cities of the end of the century. XIX. For that architects formed the CIAM movement called 'The International Congresses of Modern Architecture ', with the goal of creating rules and principles, as a result of brainstorming and experimentation, enabling solve the problems of the cities. This debate will have given rise to the Athens Charter, which will serve for several years as a general regulation for architecture and urbanism of modern cities. It is in this scenario that arise names like Le Corbusier, Mies Van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto, Frank Lloyd Wright in different times and countries, creating different interpretations of the Modern, influencing several generations of architects in various countries. In Portugal, for reasons of isolation, the influence will have a bigger impact in the 50s of the twentieth century. With the paradigm shift in how to design the City that the mechanistic model to the open models the natural or vernacular framework will have an emphasis on urban interventions, mainly in the Port City. Artistic trends present in the work of some modern architects have shaped and influenced the work method and the architect José Carlos Loureiro, having made the architect to look into new models for City Park, Housing / Equipment in height, and new forms of dwell. The relative freedom of the architects in Porto, demonstrated by a relative aperture of the School of Fine Arts in Porto to the new modern forms, have given rise to new professionals with the necessary force in the creation of a founder movement for the dissemination of modern ideals, The Second Generation of Modern Architects, leaving marks on the First Portuguese Congress of Architecture in 1948. Consequently, the new modern architects formed in this period, some belonging to ODAM group presented new urban solutions, relating the new modern forms with local conditions, giving rise to projects like Parnaso or Luso building, the architect José Carlos Loureiro.
Descrição
Orientação: Edite Rosa
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM ARQUITETURA, ARQUITETURA, ARQUITETOS, HISTÓRIA DA ARQUITETURA, ARCHITECTURE, ARCHITECTS, HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE