Reconversão da Real Vinícola em Matosinhos: a problemática da iluminação nos museus
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2014
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A reconversão de espaços industriais para uso cultural é um processo recorrente,
em Portugal. A crescente valorização do património deve-se à necessidade de
revitalizar a cidade, onde o cidadão pode reviver o espaço antigo e desfrutar da nova
função cultural. Os museus representam uma solução para a revitalização urbana,
devido à sua capacidade de mover multidões de visitantes.
Contudo, a musealização de espaços industriais comporta diversas necessidades,
que devem ser respeitadas. A iluminação constitui um elemento importante no museu,
pois pode influenciar o espaço e muitas vezes a caracterização do interior do edifício
é determinado sobretudo pela relação entre a luz e o espaço.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender como a iluminação, natural
e artificial, deve ser efetuada nos espaços industriais reconvertidos a museus ou
espaços de exposição. A Real Companhia Vinícola, classificada como monumento de
interesse público, tem características peculiares e diferentes dos outros armazéns de
vinho do Porto. Para problematizar a questão da iluminação deste espaço industrial foi
feita uma análise da luz natural e artificial nos dois casos de estudo: o Museu
Nacional de Soares dos Reis e a Graham’s 1890 Lodge. A investigação foi
concretizada através de visitas aos complexos fabris, da recolha de informação sobre
os edifícios e por fim de uma análise descritiva e sensorial dos diversos espaços
expositivos dos edifícios em estudo.
Várias questões são colocadas ao elaborar a proposta de iluminação de uma espaço
industrial reconvertido para um uso cultural: deve-se restaurar as caixilharias
existentes? Ou optar por uma nova abordagem radical? Colocar um Lanternim?
Fechar os vãos? Escolher a luz natural ou a luz artificial? Ou ambas?
Deve existir uma harmonia entre o espaço expositivo, a luz e o objeto exposto de
forma a cativar as pessoas, e levá-las a visitar o museu novamente.
The conversion of industrial sites for cultural purposes is a recurrent process in Portugal. The growing concern over the preservation of heritage is the result of the need to revitalize the city, where the citizen can relive the industrial sites while enjoying its new cultural offer. Museums are a viable solution to urban renewal, as they can attract considerable groups of visitors. However, the conversion of industrial sites into museums must meet various requirements, which cannot be overlooked. Lighting is an important element in a museum, as it can influence the environment and, often, the characterization of the building's interior is determined mainly by the relation between light and space. This thesis aims to understand how lighting, both natural and artificial, has to be presented in the industrial sites which were converted into museums or exhibition spaces. The wine cellars of Real Companhia Vinícola are monuments of public interest with peculiar characteristics that differ from other Port wine cellars. In order to determine the best lighting solution to be applied to this industrial site, it was conducted an analysis of the natural and artificial light present in both case studies: Nacional de Soares dos Reis Museum and Graham's 1890 Lodge. The research was carried out by going to the industrial facilities, gathering information about the buildings and, lastly, by conducting a descriptive and sensory analysis of the various exhibition spaces pertaining to the case studies. The writing of a proposal for the lighting in industrial sites, converted for cultural purposes, raises several questions: should the existing window frames be restored? Or should a more radical approach be considered? Installing skylights? Replacing existing fenestration? Opting for natural light or artificial light? Or both? Harmony between the exhibition space, the lighting and the object exhibited must be accomplished, in order to attract people and make them want to visit the museum again.
The conversion of industrial sites for cultural purposes is a recurrent process in Portugal. The growing concern over the preservation of heritage is the result of the need to revitalize the city, where the citizen can relive the industrial sites while enjoying its new cultural offer. Museums are a viable solution to urban renewal, as they can attract considerable groups of visitors. However, the conversion of industrial sites into museums must meet various requirements, which cannot be overlooked. Lighting is an important element in a museum, as it can influence the environment and, often, the characterization of the building's interior is determined mainly by the relation between light and space. This thesis aims to understand how lighting, both natural and artificial, has to be presented in the industrial sites which were converted into museums or exhibition spaces. The wine cellars of Real Companhia Vinícola are monuments of public interest with peculiar characteristics that differ from other Port wine cellars. In order to determine the best lighting solution to be applied to this industrial site, it was conducted an analysis of the natural and artificial light present in both case studies: Nacional de Soares dos Reis Museum and Graham's 1890 Lodge. The research was carried out by going to the industrial facilities, gathering information about the buildings and, lastly, by conducting a descriptive and sensory analysis of the various exhibition spaces pertaining to the case studies. The writing of a proposal for the lighting in industrial sites, converted for cultural purposes, raises several questions: should the existing window frames be restored? Or should a more radical approach be considered? Installing skylights? Replacing existing fenestration? Opting for natural light or artificial light? Or both? Harmony between the exhibition space, the lighting and the object exhibited must be accomplished, in order to attract people and make them want to visit the museum again.
Descrição
João Carlos dos Santos
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ARQUITETURA, ARQUITETURA, PATRIMÓNIO INDUSTRIAL, RECONVERSÃO ARQUITETÓNICA, MUSEUS, ILUMINAÇÃO, ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE, BUILDING RECONVERSION, MUSEUMS, LIGHTING