Violência doméstica e envolvimento parental na escola : perspetivas de mães e filhos
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2017
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Os impactos negativos causados pela violência doméstica contra a mulher, pelo seu companheiro masculino, são uma realidade conhecida e comprovada, a nível da vitimação, na maioria dos estudos, que se debruçam sobre este fenómeno. Os impactos podem afetar vários domínios da vida destas mulheres, incluindo as suas capacidades parentais, como, por exemplo, o seu envolvimento no processo educativo dos filhos. O nosso objetivo será o de analisar o impacto da vitimação da mulher vítima de violência conjugal, no seu envolvimento parental na escola dos filhos, e respetivas consequências nos comportamentos e desempenho escolar do filho, no contexto social português. Para tal, utilizamos uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa, envolvendo uma amostra de 700 indivíduos, correspondendo a 350 mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica e 350 crianças e jovens, filhos destas vítimas, sendo 50 de cada NUTS II, abrangendo todo o país. A recolha de dados inclui um questionário, o qual comporta os dados intrafamiliares e sociodemográficos, contexto familiar, contexto do crime e suas envolvências, contextos comportamentais e escolares dos filhos e a avaliação do envolvimento parental na escola da mulher vítima. Alguns dos resultados mais relevantes obtidos evidenciam que as mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica apresentam melhores avaliações de envolvimento parental na escola, que os seus filhos percecionam sobre si, em todas as dimensões deste envolvimento. As vítimas que apresentam melhores avaliações de envolvimento parental na escola são as mais jovens, que possuem apenas um filho e que trabalham, que são independentes economicamente, que foram vitimizadas durante menos tempo e sem consequências físicas, cujo agressor foi efetivamente preso, e que não mantêm coabitação pós-crime. Relativamente aos filhos destas vítimas, estas apresentam, maioritariamente, impactos negativos ao nível dos seus comportamentos quotidianos e escolares pós-crime, particularmente mais deprimidos e/ou agressivos. Neste contexto, mais de metade destes filhos apresenta um quadro de retenções no seu percurso escolar, com uma média cinco vezes superior quando comparado com a média nacional. Observamos igualmente uma relação direta entre os filhos, que são também vítimas deste crime, que costumam intervir no decorrer do mesmo e que não são sinalizados à CPCJ quando vítimas diretas ou indiretas, com impactos negativos nos seus comportamentos e desempenhos escolares.
The negative impacts caused by domestic violence against women by their male partner are a well-known and proven fact of victimization in most of the studies that investigate this phenomenon. The referred impacts can affect many domains of these women's lives, including their parental capacities, such as their involvement in the educational process of their children. Our goal will be to analyze the impact of the victimization of the woman victim of marital violence on her parental involvement in the children's school and their consequences on the child's behavior and school performance in the Portuguese social context. Therefore, we resort to a quantitative methodological approach, involving a sample of 700 individuals, consisting in 350 women victims of domestic violence and 350 children and young people, children of these victims, being 50 of each NUTS II, covering the whole country. The data collection contains a questionnaire, which includes the intra-family and sociodemographic data, the family’s context, the context of the crime and its implications, the behavioral and school contexts of the children, and an evaluation of the female victim’s involvement in the school. Some of the most relevant results obtained highlight that women victims of domestic violence have better evaluations of parental involvement in school, which their children perceive about themselves, in all dimensions of this involvement. The victims who have the best ratings of parental involvement in school are the youngest, who have only one child and have a job, being economically independent, who were victimized for less time and without physical consequences, whose perpetrator was effectively arrested, and do not maintain post-crime cohabitation. Regarding the victims’ children, the results show that there are negative impacts mostly on their daily and school behavior post-crime, particularly more depressed and/or aggressive. In a context where more than half of these children already exhibit retentions in their school career, they appear with an average five times higher to the national average. We also observe a direct relationship between the children, who are also victims of this crime, usually intervene in the course of it, and are not signaled to the CPCJ when direct or indirect victims, with negative impacts on their behaviors and school performance.
The negative impacts caused by domestic violence against women by their male partner are a well-known and proven fact of victimization in most of the studies that investigate this phenomenon. The referred impacts can affect many domains of these women's lives, including their parental capacities, such as their involvement in the educational process of their children. Our goal will be to analyze the impact of the victimization of the woman victim of marital violence on her parental involvement in the children's school and their consequences on the child's behavior and school performance in the Portuguese social context. Therefore, we resort to a quantitative methodological approach, involving a sample of 700 individuals, consisting in 350 women victims of domestic violence and 350 children and young people, children of these victims, being 50 of each NUTS II, covering the whole country. The data collection contains a questionnaire, which includes the intra-family and sociodemographic data, the family’s context, the context of the crime and its implications, the behavioral and school contexts of the children, and an evaluation of the female victim’s involvement in the school. Some of the most relevant results obtained highlight that women victims of domestic violence have better evaluations of parental involvement in school, which their children perceive about themselves, in all dimensions of this involvement. The victims who have the best ratings of parental involvement in school are the youngest, who have only one child and have a job, being economically independent, who were victimized for less time and without physical consequences, whose perpetrator was effectively arrested, and do not maintain post-crime cohabitation. Regarding the victims’ children, the results show that there are negative impacts mostly on their daily and school behavior post-crime, particularly more depressed and/or aggressive. In a context where more than half of these children already exhibit retentions in their school career, they appear with an average five times higher to the national average. We also observe a direct relationship between the children, who are also victims of this crime, usually intervene in the course of it, and are not signaled to the CPCJ when direct or indirect victims, with negative impacts on their behaviors and school performance.
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Orientação: Alcina Manuela de Oliveira Martins
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA, ENVOLVIMENTO PARENTAL, RELAÇÃO ESCOLA-FAMÍLIA, PARENTALIDADE, APOIO EDUCATIVO, EDUCATION, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT, SCHOOL-FAMILY RELATIONSHIP, PARENTHOOD, EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT