Relação entre prazer na prática de atividade física e níveis de atividade física em adolescentes com excesso de peso expostos a um programa clínico de gestão de peso
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2021
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A prática de atividade física (AF) tem diversos benefícios na saúde geral, e em particular na gestão de peso, prevenindo a obesidade e o desenvolvimento de comorbilidades a esta associadas. A maioria dos adolescentes apresenta, no entanto, níveis insuficientes de AF, o que poderá estar associado a um comprometimento do prazer na prática de AF (PPAF). De acordo com o nosso conhecimento até à data, nenhum outro estudo analisou profundamente a associação entre a evolução do PPAF e os níveis de AF em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo colmatar o vazio que existe na literatura relativamente a esta temática nesta população especifica. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) e uma investigação original longitudinal de forma a perceber esta relação. Para a RSL foram pesquisados estudos relevantes incluindo crianças e adolescentes, nas bases de dados PubMed e Google Scholar, que analisassem a relação entre o PPAF e os níveis de AF. No estudo longitudinal foram utilizados os dados de 84 adolescentes com excesso de peso (IMC ≥ percentil 85), seguidos durante 6 meses num programa clínico multidisciplinar de gestão de peso. Dos 30 estudos incluídos na RSL, 18 (60%) reportaram uma associação positiva entre o PPAF e os níveis de AF e 5 (16,7%) uma associação negativa. Dois dos 8 estudos que incluíram uma população clínica (25%) reportaram uma associação positiva entre as variáveis. Na investigação original observou-se uma correlação positiva entre a evolução do PPAF e a evolução da AF moderada (AFM) (r = ,224, p ≤ ,05), VO2 max (r = ,335, p ≤ ,01) e massa isenta de gordura e osso (MIGO) (r = ,385, p ≤ ,01); e uma correlação negativa entre o PPAF e a massa gorda (MG) (r = -,401, p ≤ ,01), z-score do índice de massa corporal (IMC) (r = -,289, p ≤ ,01) e o tempo em comportamento sedentário (r = - ,269, p ≤ ,05). Quando controlado para possíveis variáveis de confusão, observou-se uma correlação positiva entre a evolução do PPAF e o VO2 max (r = ,318, p ≤ ,01) e MIGO (r = ,346, p ≤ ,01); e uma correlação negativa com a MG (r = -,364, p ≤ ,01) e o z-score do IMC (r = -,300, p ≤ ,05).
Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem a existência de uma associação positiva entre o PPAF e os níveis de AF em adolescentes com excesso de peso, sendo esta associação mediada pela condição física. Conclui-se ainda que o PPAF e a condição física evoluem no mesmo sentido, e que uma intervenção de alteração comportamental poderá ter um impacto benéfico nos níveis de AF, condição física e PPAF em adolescentes com excesso de peso.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with several health benefits, such as weight control, excess weight prevention and development of comorbidities. However, the large majority of adolescents show insufficient levels of PA, which may be associated with a low enjoyment in PA. To the best of our knowledge, to date no other study has analyzed in depth the association between enjoyment in PA and changes in PA levels in a sample of adolescents with excess weight. The main aim of this thesis has been to fulfil the existent gap in the literature on the subject, in this specific population. A systematic literature review and a longitudinal original research were conducted in order to investigate this relationship. For the systematic review, relevant studies on this topic and including children and adolescents, were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. In the original research, data from 84 adolescents with excess weight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) followed for 6 months in a multidisciplinary clinical weight management program were analyzed. Of the 30 studies included in the systematic review, 18 (60%) reported a positive association between PA enjoyment and PA levels, and 5 (16.7%) a negative association. Two of the 8 studies including a clinical population (25%) reported a positive association between the two variables. In the original research, a positive correlation between changes in enjoyment and moderate PA (MPA) (r = ,224, p ≤ ,05), VO2 max (r = ,335, p ≤ ,01), and Fat-and-bone free-mass (FBFM) (r = ,385, p ≤ ,01); and a negative correlation between enjoyment and body fat mass (BFM) (r = -,401, p ≤ ,01), body mass index (BMI) z-score (r = -,289, p ≤ ,01) and time spent in sedentary behavior (r = -,269, p ≤ ,05) were observed. When controlling for possible confounding variables, a positive correlation between changes in PA enjoyment and VO2 max (r = ,318, p ≤ ,01) and FBFM (r = ,346, p ≤ ,05); as well as a negative correlation with BFM (r = -,364, p ≤ ,05), and BMI z-score (r = -,300, p ≤ ,05) were observed. These results suggest a positive association between PA enjoyment and PA levels among adolescents with excess weight, yet this association seems to be mediated by fitness. These results further suggest that PA enjoyment and fitness change in the same direction, and that a behavioral change intervention may have a beneficial impact on PA levels, fitness and enjoyment in adolescents with excess weight.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with several health benefits, such as weight control, excess weight prevention and development of comorbidities. However, the large majority of adolescents show insufficient levels of PA, which may be associated with a low enjoyment in PA. To the best of our knowledge, to date no other study has analyzed in depth the association between enjoyment in PA and changes in PA levels in a sample of adolescents with excess weight. The main aim of this thesis has been to fulfil the existent gap in the literature on the subject, in this specific population. A systematic literature review and a longitudinal original research were conducted in order to investigate this relationship. For the systematic review, relevant studies on this topic and including children and adolescents, were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. In the original research, data from 84 adolescents with excess weight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) followed for 6 months in a multidisciplinary clinical weight management program were analyzed. Of the 30 studies included in the systematic review, 18 (60%) reported a positive association between PA enjoyment and PA levels, and 5 (16.7%) a negative association. Two of the 8 studies including a clinical population (25%) reported a positive association between the two variables. In the original research, a positive correlation between changes in enjoyment and moderate PA (MPA) (r = ,224, p ≤ ,05), VO2 max (r = ,335, p ≤ ,01), and Fat-and-bone free-mass (FBFM) (r = ,385, p ≤ ,01); and a negative correlation between enjoyment and body fat mass (BFM) (r = -,401, p ≤ ,01), body mass index (BMI) z-score (r = -,289, p ≤ ,01) and time spent in sedentary behavior (r = -,269, p ≤ ,05) were observed. When controlling for possible confounding variables, a positive correlation between changes in PA enjoyment and VO2 max (r = ,318, p ≤ ,01) and FBFM (r = ,346, p ≤ ,05); as well as a negative correlation with BFM (r = -,364, p ≤ ,05), and BMI z-score (r = -,300, p ≤ ,05) were observed. These results suggest a positive association between PA enjoyment and PA levels among adolescents with excess weight, yet this association seems to be mediated by fitness. These results further suggest that PA enjoyment and fitness change in the same direction, and that a behavioral change intervention may have a beneficial impact on PA levels, fitness and enjoyment in adolescents with excess weight.
Descrição
Orientação: António Videira da Silva; co-orientação: Helena Fonseca
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, ADOLESCENTES, ADOLESCENTS, OBESIDADE, OBESITY, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, GESTÃO DO PESO, WEIGHT MANAGEMENT