A segurança do transporte aéreo pós 11 de Setembro e a aplicação do conceito de 'ponto de segurança único'
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Data
2018
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Atualmente quase todos os passageiros que utilizam o transporte aéreo e que tenham
de efetuar uma transferência num ou mais aeroportos intermédios antes de chegarem ao
destino final são submetidos a um novo controlo de segurança para além daquele que foi
efetuado no aeroporto de origem. Tal controlo é igualmente aplicado à sua bagagem de mão
e/ou de porão. Apesar de alguns países já aplicarem tal procedimento antes de 2001, a
exigência como norma internacional surgiu após os atos ocorridos a 11 de Setembro de 2001.
Salvo raras exceções, esta repetição de procedimentos é efetuada porque a maioria dos países
não reconhecem entre si as medidas de segurança aplicadas nos aeroportos de origem. Tal
duplicação de controlos de segurança provoca ineficiências operacionais com custos elevados
para os aeroportos e companhias aéreas assim como a insatisfação dos passageiros afetados.
As várias organizações internacionais que regulamentam o setor do transporte aéreo assim
como os vários representantes da indústria reconhecem as vantagens do reconhecimento
mútuo das medidas de segurança tendo vindo a promover desde há alguns anos a adoção do
conceito ponto de segurança único com o objetivo de evitar a repetição de controlos de
segurança a passageiros e bagagens em transferência. No entanto a maioria dos Estados pouco
têm avançado no sentido de estabelecerem acordos que permitiriam reduzir custos
operacionais, aumentar a eficiência dos seus sistemas de transporte aéreo, contribuir para a
satisfação do público viajante sem no entanto comprometer a segurança da aviação civil. O
objetivo deste trabalho é dar um contributo para que um conceito que vem sendo discutido há
mais de duas décadas, faz parte dos objetivos estratégicos do regulador internacional do setor
e ter sido apoiado em duas conferências mundiais de alto nível e que seja adotado pelos países
que o queiram implementar. Através da análise do sistema técnico-legal da aviação civil
internacional tentaremos dar resposta a esta questão e apresentar soluções como é possivel
implentar tal princípio mantendo a eficiência e regularidade do transporte aéreo sem
comprometer a segurança de pessoas e bens num contexto de ameaça permanente. O trabalho
baseou-se numa pesquisa exploratória qualitativa tendo os resultados revelado que o
desconhecimento da informação associado ao caratér de confidencialidade condicionam a
aplicação do “ponto de segurança único”.
Currently almost all passengers and respective hand and/or hold baggage travelling by air transfering at an intermediate airport have to undergo a new security control additional to the one that they have been submitted before boarding at the point of origin, before reaching their final destination. Despite the fact that some countries were applying this procedure before 2001, it only became an international mandatory requirement after the incidents occurred on 11 September 2001. With very few exceptions this duplication of security controls is done because States do not recognize each other the security measures that are implemented at the airports of origin. The duplication of such security controls leads to operational inefficiencies with high costs for airports and airlines as well for growing dissatisfaction among passengers. The various international organizations that regulate the air transport sector in this matter have been promoting the adoption of the one stop security concept with the support of all relevant aviation industry stakeholders, with the objective of avoiding the repetition of secury controls on transfer passengers and baggage. However, at the international level, little progress has been made towards the adoption of that concept. The aim of this study is to contribute for the adoption of a concept that has been discussed for more than two decades, is part of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) strategic objectives and has been supported by two high level world conferences is by those countries willing to implement it. Through the analysis of the international civil aviation technical and legal system we will try to answer this question and demonstrate how it is possible to implement such principle maintaining at te same time the efficiency and regularity of air transport without compromising the security of people and goods in a context of permanent threat. This study was supported in a qualitative exploratory research and the results revealed that lack of knowledge of information associated to its confidential character constitute the restraint for the apllication of the “one stop security”.
Currently almost all passengers and respective hand and/or hold baggage travelling by air transfering at an intermediate airport have to undergo a new security control additional to the one that they have been submitted before boarding at the point of origin, before reaching their final destination. Despite the fact that some countries were applying this procedure before 2001, it only became an international mandatory requirement after the incidents occurred on 11 September 2001. With very few exceptions this duplication of security controls is done because States do not recognize each other the security measures that are implemented at the airports of origin. The duplication of such security controls leads to operational inefficiencies with high costs for airports and airlines as well for growing dissatisfaction among passengers. The various international organizations that regulate the air transport sector in this matter have been promoting the adoption of the one stop security concept with the support of all relevant aviation industry stakeholders, with the objective of avoiding the repetition of secury controls on transfer passengers and baggage. However, at the international level, little progress has been made towards the adoption of that concept. The aim of this study is to contribute for the adoption of a concept that has been discussed for more than two decades, is part of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) strategic objectives and has been supported by two high level world conferences is by those countries willing to implement it. Through the analysis of the international civil aviation technical and legal system we will try to answer this question and demonstrate how it is possible to implement such principle maintaining at te same time the efficiency and regularity of air transport without compromising the security of people and goods in a context of permanent threat. This study was supported in a qualitative exploratory research and the results revealed that lack of knowledge of information associated to its confidential character constitute the restraint for the apllication of the “one stop security”.
Descrição
Orientação: José Ivo Carvalho Vicente
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM GESTÃO AERONÁUTICA, AERONÁUTICA, GESTÃO AERONÁUTICA, SEGURANÇA AÉREA, AVIAÇÃO, AEROPORTOS, AERONAUTICS, AVIATION MANAGEMENT, AVIATION SECURITY, AVIATION, AIRPORTS